ECE-1466 Modern Optics Course Notes Part 8 Prof. Charles A. DiMarzio Northeastern University Spring 2002 May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University Phase Microscopy Differential Interference Phase Contrast True Phase Microscopy Phase Reconstruction from Amplitude May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Phase Contrast Microscopy F’ F’ F F A’ A Obscuration in Pupil Plane Removed “DC” and Low Spatial Frequencies May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Phase Contrast 1-D Example 50 100 150 200 250 300 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Field in Image Space 50 100 150 200 250 300 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 New Field in Image Space Amplitude in Pupil 50 100 150 200 250 300 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 50 100 150 200 250 300 20 40 60 80 120 140 160 180 New Irradiance in Image Space May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Phase Contrast 2-D Example 50 100 150 200 250 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 50 100 150 200 250 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Image Plane 50 100 150 200 250 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 x 10 4 50 100 150 200 250 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 x 10 4 Pupil Plane May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Differential Interference Contrast Polarizing Cube at Illumination Lens Splits Beam and Another Polarizing Cube at the Objective Puts it Back Together. May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University DIC 1-D Example Field in Image Space 50 100 150 200 250 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 50 100 150 200 250 300 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 New Field in Image Space 2 Fields in Image Space 50 100 150 200 250 300 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 50 100 150 200 250 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 New Irradiance in Image Space May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Quadrature Imaging Concept Balanced Mixing May 19

How Could QTM Count Cells in Compact Embryo? QTM Phase DIC Assumed Index Profile Before Compaction 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 M10026.m M10026.m Assumed Index Profile During Compaction 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 M10026.m M10026.m May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

Phase Retrieval from Amplitude Measure Irradiance at Plane A Measure Irradiance at Plane B Guess Field at Plane A Object A B Keep Phase, and Change Amplitude to Match the Measurement Compute Field at Plane B Keep Phase, and Change Amplitude to Match the Measurement Compute Field at Plane A May 02002 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University