Day 47: Industrial Revolution Baltimore Polytechnic Institute November 14, 2011 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Industrial Revolution Objective: Explain why America was relatively slow to embrace the industrial revolution and the factory. Describe the early development of the factory system and Eli Whitney’s system of interchangeable parts. Outline early industrialism’s effects on workers, including women and children. AP Focus With industrialization, comes despair for the wage laborer, which gives rise to labor organizing. Because they are a cheap form of labor, women penetrate the industrial workplace. The nation’s economy matures and diversifies as people are increasingly tied to trade, industry, and commercial farming. Historians refer to this development as the Market Revolution. In the early nineteenth century, the American economy developed the beginnings of industrialization. The greatest advances occurred in transportation, as canals and railroads bound the Union together into a continental economy with strong regional specialization.

Chapter Focus Chapter Theme Industrialization was mainly a northern phenomenon. The southern economy was comparatively stagnant and lacked diversity. Consequently, the two dominant classes, the industrial and merchant capitalist in the North and the planter-slaveholder in the South, wanted political and economic regulations and laws contrary to the other’s needs. For example, northern manufacturers favored a high protective tariff, which was not in the interest of the planter-slaveholders. The economic interdependence between the Northeast and the West would play a role in the debate over the expansion of slavery. This relationship grew so strong that the regions would ally against the Confederacy—keep in mind, the AP theme Slavery and Its Legacies in North America.

Announcements Focus Questions Chapter 14 due on Wednesday. Decades Chart 1840’s and Presidential Election charts 1836, 1840, 1844, 1848 due on Friday

Creeping Mechanization Areas of mechanization textiles agriculture communication transportation Factory system began around 1750 in Britain and gradually spread worldwide America slow to embrace the machine cheap land scarce labor insufficient capital secure property rights political stability sufficient infrastructure adequate work force trade secrets

Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine Samuel Slater memorizes plans for a machine to spin cotton thread Needed an abundance of cheap cotton Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin in 1793 made cotton highly profitable King Cotton of the South revived the slave trade Britain purchased much of this commodity. Remaining spun in New England South remained agrarian with little manufacturing

Impacts on Industrialization What actions during the 1800’s impacted New England manufacturing embargo nonintercourse War of 1812 Eli Whitney again Interchangeable parts How does this impact industrialization? Adapted by 1850 How did Eli Whitney impact the Civil War?

Business Decade ending 1800-306 patents Decade ending 1860-28,000 patents Limited Liability-What is this? individual investor only risks their own shares of a corporation in the event of legal claims or bankruptcy. Negative implications of business long hours low wages unsanitary no unions child workers Commonwealth v. Hunt-unions are not conspiracies and are not illegal

Women and the Economy Pre-Industrialization Spinning yarn Weaving cloth Making candles, soap, butter, cheese Industrialization Factory girls Non-union 6 days a week Dark to dark

Cult of Domesticity Glorified the customary functions of the homemaker Moral power Made decisions for the family’s character Weakening of the pre-arranged family Less children being born Change in child development/Away from braking children to shaping children-child centered

Agricultural Revolution Trans-Allegheny region Corn John Deere Cyrus McCormick How did the changes to agriculture impact farming, settlement and the economy?

Highways and Steamboats Methods of travel Water-Steamboat in 1807 Stagecoaches Turnpike Explain the arguments for and against the federal funding of roads and canals Erie Canal-Who paid for this and why?

Iron Horse The train system had many flaws in the early years track gauge brakes fire The U.S. government granted large land tracts to the RR companies for development-a subsidy Explain the social, cultural, and economic impact of trains within the United States?

Cables, Clippers, Pony Riders Anglo-American-Canadian venture for a trans- Atlantic cable Clipper ships faster delivery times Pony Express 18 month adventure

Exit Ticket Construct a diagram that illustrates the continental economy that emerged on the eve of the Civil War. Be sure to identify the different regions of the United States with their specialization and the means in which commerce traversed these different regions.

Homework Continue Reading Chapter 14 to the end Explain the Market Revolution that occurred in the United States during the 1840’s and 1850’s. Be sure to include the role of Roger Taney and the U.S. Supreme Court. Work on focus questions for Chapter 12 that are now due Continue work on the Decades chart and Presidential Election charts for the 1800’s and 1810’s that are over due