One answer for Western Europe AD 500 - 1200 Feudalism One answer for Western Europe AD 500 - 1200 Mr. Ebert
Changes in W. Europe 400 – 700 CE Trade disrupted Cities abandoned Population shift → rural Common language lost Concept of gov’t changed - central ⃗ local authority Decline in education
A few coins would be nice. Needs of Europeans We need protection! We need a good harvest! We need shelter! A few coins would be nice.
The Franks: 500 - 900 Clovis = 1st Christian king Carolingian Dynasty formed Charlemagne gained rule - Expanded empire; reunited western Europe - Revived interest in education, the arts Kingdom divided after Charlemagne’s death
Fought Muslim invasion Fought Vikings, Hungarians Clovis Christian King Charles Martel Fought Muslim invasion Granted land to military Professional “soldiers” Beginnings of feudalism Pepin the Short Charlemagne Fought Vikings, Hungarians
Europe 700 C.E.
The Church Papal power increased Christianity survived and adapted → secular power Pope = center of Roman government Christianity survived and adapted Monasteries built Became educational centers based on religion
The Rise of Feudalism 800-1000 Vikings Magyars Muslims Weak rulers after Charlemagne’s death Carolingian Empire attacked from all sides Vikings N Magyars W E Widespread disorder in Europe Shift → loyalty to local rulers for protection S Muslims 800-1000
Europe Rearms Feudalism is born! King permits forts Evolve into castles Counts (Nobles) gain power Peasants look locally for protection Feudalism is born! Europe Rearms
Feudalism Based on mutual obligations Landowners = lords (also King, Church) Lords grant land to vassals Fiefs = land grants Vassals till land, serve as warriors, do other work for the lord or king
It’s All About Land.. King gave military protection; land grants to lords & knights Lords granted land to vassals (knights & other nobles) Knights defended land in exchange for fiefs (land) Peasants = landless people who worked in fields Serfs = peasants who could not legally leave birthplace
The Hierarchy 850 - 950 Church King Knights Peasants Serfs powerful; owned land King Nobles Lords Vassals Knights Peasants Most peasants were serfs Serfs
Role of the Church Salvation Church = center of Medieval life Religious services Town meetings Plays, festivals Markets Church explained world events Disease, weather, famine, etc. Salvation =saving of a person’s soul Fate of soul more important than present life Gave people purpose, controlled behavior
Roman Catholic Church
7 Sacraments Holy Orders – man becomes a priest Baptism Penance – confession of sins Extreme Unction – blessing at death Baptism to cleanse of sin Confirmation declaration of belief Eucharist body & blood of Christ Matrimony - union blessed by Church
Pope developed canon (religious) law Age of Faith Church problems Lay investiture = kings, nobles appointed church officials Simony = church positions sold by bishops as source of income Local priests married Pope developed canon (religious) law Church collected tithes Church cared for poor & sick Friars = traveling monks
Church Reform Cluny = Benedictine monastery Had reputation for virtue Inspired more monasteries Influenced papacy
The Manor Manor system = basic economic unit Manor = lord’s estate - Serfs provided with housing, protection - tended land, maintained estate Manors covered a few square miles - 15-30 families within - Lord’s house, church, workshops, fields - self-sufficient community All peasants owed lord portion of crops - owed tithe to the Church
Chivalry Page → squire→ knight Knights defended against other nobles 3 loyalties: earthly lord heavenly Lord chosen lady Tournaments= mock battles
Castles Under Siege Trebuchet launched missiles Battering ram cracked walls Siege tower enabled soldiers to scale castle walls Mangonel like catapult; flung rocks
Who can I trust to rule us? Will we have enough to eat? Who will protect us? Will we have to leave the city? Has God forsaken us? Money is worthless!
Why Feudalism? Fall of Rome Barbarian Invasions Charlemagne: Rule & death Rise of Church
Feudalism Chivalry Political Ideology Manors Code of Behavior Medieval Form of gov’t based on landholding Alliances between lords and vassals Chivalry Devotion to lord Courage in combat Respect toward women Political Ideology Manors Self-sufficient communities Mutual obligations Code of Behavior Medieval Society Economic System Belief System Church Unifying force; power over everyday lives Involvement in political affairs