Reduced soluble CD14 levels in amniotic fluid and breast milk are associated with the subsequent development of atopy, eczema, or both Catherine A. Jones,

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Presentation transcript:

Reduced soluble CD14 levels in amniotic fluid and breast milk are associated with the subsequent development of atopy, eczema, or both Catherine A. Jones, PhD a, Judith A. Holloway, PhD a, Eleanor J. Popplewell, BSc a, Norma D. Diaper a, John W. Holloway, PhD b, Gillian H.S. Vance, MRCP a, Jill A. Warner, PhD a, John O. Warner, MD a Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 109, Issue 5, Pages 858-866 (May 2002) DOI: 10.1067/mai.2002.123535 Copyright © 2002 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Maturation of plasma sCD14 levels. Plasma sCD14 was measured by means of specific ELISA in samples collected prenatally (study 5; A ) and postnatally (study 4; B ) and compared with levels in the adult (study 5). *Significantly lower than adult values; #significantly higher than adult values. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2002 109, 858-866DOI: (10.1067/mai.2002.123535) Copyright © 2002 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Plasma sCD14 levels and atopic disease outcome at 5 years of age. Soluble CD14 levels were measured at birth in cord plasma of high- and low-risk children (A) and children with clinically assessed outcome to age 5 (study 1; B ). SPT , Skin prick test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2002 109, 858-866DOI: (10.1067/mai.2002.123535) Copyright © 2002 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Alternative sources of sCD14. Levels of sCD14 were measured in amniotic fluid at 16 to 17 weeks of gestation and at term (>37 weeks of gestation; studies 2 and 5, respectively; A ), and levels in amniotic fluid at 16 to 17 weeks of gestation were compared for children who were either atopic or nonatopic at 1 year of age (study 2; B ). SPT , Skin prick test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2002 109, 858-866DOI: (10.1067/mai.2002.123535) Copyright © 2002 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Breast milk sCD14 levels and disease outcome. Soluble CD14 levels in breast milk collected at 3 months postpartum by means of expression were compared on the basis of the development of eczema by the child, irrespective of skin prick test results at 6 months of age (study 3). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2002 109, 858-866DOI: (10.1067/mai.2002.123535) Copyright © 2002 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Expression of mRNA for TLR2 and TLR4 in fetal tissues. Whole tissue extracts of fetal gut and skin and placenta contained transcripts for TLR2 and TLR4 at all the gestational ages examined. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2002 109, 858-866DOI: (10.1067/mai.2002.123535) Copyright © 2002 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions