How Do Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions?

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Presentation transcript:

How Do Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions?

Description The Survey Sampling Population Random Sample

Correlation Correlation (correlation coefficient) How well does A predict B Positive versus negative correlation Strength of the correlation -1.0 to +1.0 Scatterplot

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation

Correlation Correlation and Causation Correlation helps predict Does not imply cause and effect

Correlation Illusory Correlations Perceived non-existent correlation A random coincidence

Correlation Perceiving Order in Random Events Comes from our need to make sense out of the world Coin flip Poker hand

Population = all the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. Note: Except for national studies, this does NOT refer to a country’s whole population.

Random Sample = a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

Correlation = a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

Correlation Coefficient = a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1).

Scatterplot = a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation).