Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic Imaging Unit 2 Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic Imaging

Surgical Terminology Surgery Important medical treatment tool Procedures include: Incision Excision Repair Replacement

Surgical Terminology Surgery Procedures include: Destruction Ablation Cauterization Introduction Dilation

Surgical Suffixes Origin Greek tomos = cut Examples: -tome = instrument used to cut slices -tomy = cut into, incise, or incision -ectomy = cut out, remove, excise, or excision -ostomy = cut a new surgical opening

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes Examples: derma/tome = instrument to cut slices of skin gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach duoden/ectomy = removal of duodenum col/ostomy = creating opening in colon

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes One word root with various procedures Examples: gastr/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach gastr/ostomy = surgical opening in stomach

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes One word root with various procedures Examples: col/ectomy = removal of all or part of colon col/o/tomy = incision into colon col/ostomy = surgical opening in colon

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes Two word roots with various procedures Examples: gastr/o/duoden/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach and duodenum gastr/o/duoden/o/tomy = incision into stomach and duodenum gastr/o/duoden/ostomy = surgical openings in stomach and duodenum

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

Diagnostic Imaging Method of creating visual representations of body structures or functions Imaging suffixes include: -gram = picture or record -graph = instrument to record image of data -graphy = process of recording image of data

Building Words with Imaging Suffixes Examples: electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical impulses given off by heart electr/o/cardi/o/graph = instrument for recording electrical impulses given off by heart electr/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of recording electrical impulses given off by heart

Tomography tom/o = combining form for cut -graphy = process of recording image of data tom/o/graphy = radiographic procedure using x-rays to produce images of slices or planes of the body

Tomography Procedures Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Computed tomography (CT) scan Also known as CAT scan Positron emission tomography (PET) scan Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

MRI

CAT Scan

PET Scan

Imaging Combining Forms son/o = sound Examples: son/o/gram = picture made with ultrasound waves son/o/graphy = process of making images with ultrasound waves son/o/grapher = person who performs ultrasonography

Imaging Combining Forms ech/o = sound made by reflected sound waves Examples: ech/o/cardi/o/gram = record of sound waves reflected through heart ech/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of making echocardiogram ech/o/cardi/o/grapher = person who takes image

Imaging Combining Forms radi/o = radiation or x-rays Examples: radi/o/graph = picture made using x-rays radi/o/gram = picture made using x-rays radi/o/grapher = person who takes x-rays radi/o/logist = physician specialist who interprets x-rays

jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood Word Parts for Colors leuk/o white melan/o black (dark) erythr/o red cyan/o blue chlor/o green xanth/o yellow jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood

Building Words With Color Examples: leuk/o/derma = unusually white skin Also known as vitiligo melan/o/derma = abnormally dark pigmented skin erythr/o/derma = red skin cyan/o/derma = blue skin xanth/o/derma = yellow skin

Structures of the Skin

Building Words With Color Examples: melan/o/cyte = black cell melan/o/blast = black embryonic cell acr/o/cyan/osis = condition of blueness of extremities erythr/o/dermat/itis = reddened, inflamed skin condition

Hematology hemat/o = blood Examples: hemat/o/logy = study of blood hemat/o/logist = one who studies blood hemat/o/pathy = disease of blood

Blood Conditions -emia = blood condition Examples: an/emia = lack of blood xanth/emia = excess carotene in blood Yellow erythr/emia = abnormally red blood chlor/emia = increased chlorine in blood Green

Cells Smallest structural units of all living things cyt/o = combining form for cell -cyte = suffix for cell

Cells Examples: cyt/o/logy = study of cells cyt/o/logist = one who studies cells cyt/o/meter = instrument used to count cells cyt/o/metry = process of counting cells cyt/o/techn/o/logist = technician who prepares slides

White Blood Cells (WBCs) leuk/o/cyte = WBC Examples: leuk/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of WBCs leuk/emia = condition of WBCs Blood cancer leuk/o/cyt/osis = increase in WBCs

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) erythr/o/cyte = RBC Examples: erythr/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of RBCs erythr/o/blast = immature RBC erythr/o/cyt/osis = high numbers of erythrocytes erythr/emia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes

Blood-Clotting Cells thromb/o/cyte = blood-clotting cell Examples: Also known as platelet Examples: thromb/o/cyt/osis = increase in number of thrombocytes thromb/o/cyt/o/penia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes

Lymphatic System Series of lymph vessels, nodes, and organs Purpose: Circulate tissue fluids, absorb fats from intestine, and fight infections lymph/o = combining form

Lymphatic System Examples: lymph/o/cyte = type of WBC produced by lymphatic system lymph/edema = fluid accumulation and swelling caused by blockages in lymphatic vessels acute lymph/o/cy/tic leukemia = disease involving lymphocytes

Tissues hist/o = tissue Examples: hist/o/blast = immature tissue hist/o/logy = study of tissues hist/o/logist = one who studies tissues hist/o/cyte = tissue cell

Small Intestine Duodenum duoden/o = combining form Examples: First part of small intestine beyond stomach duoden/o = combining form Examples: duoden/al = pertaining to duodenum duoden/itis = inflammation of duodenum duoden/ostomy = surgical opening in duodenum

Heart cardi/o and card/o = combining forms Examples: cardi/o/logist = physician specialist in diagnosing and treating heart conditions card/itis = inflammation of heart electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical activity of heart

Enlarged megal/o = combining form for enlarged -megaly = suffix for enlarged Examples: cardi/o/megaly = enlarged heart sometimes caused by reduced supply of oxygen megal/o/cardia = enlargement or overdevelopment of heart

Enlarged Examples: megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach megal/o/mania = mental disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur mania = madness

Disease -pathy = suffix meaning disease path/o = combining form for disease Examples: path/o/logy = study of disease path/o/logist = one who studies disease eti/o/logy = study of origin of disease

Pain -algia = suffix for pain Examples: cardi/algia = heart pain gastr/algia = stomach pain

Synonyms Some terms can be used with combining forms or suffixes to express same meaning megal/o = enlarged -megaly = enlarged Examples: megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach

Forming Medical Terms Word root + suffix Examples: dermat/itis cyan/osis duoden/al

Forming Medical Terms Any number of word roots + suffix Examples: gastr/o/duoden/ostomy gastr/o/duoden/ectomy

Forming Medical Terms

Forming Medical Terms Combining form + suffix Examples: acr/o/cyan/osis leuk/o/cyte

Forming Medical Terms Any number of combining forms + word root + suffix Examples: leuk/o/cyt/o/penia electr/o/cardi/o/graphy