Human Biology and Health Chapter 1: Healthy Body Systems

How is the Body Organized? Identify the levels of organization in the body Identify and describe the four basic types of tissue in the human body Terms: cell, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, organ, organ system

How the Body is Organized? Levels of Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems

How is the Body Organized? Cells Basic structure of life 100 trillion cells in human body Cell Membrane: Nucleus: Cytoplasm: Tissues Group of cells working together 4 Basic Types: Muscle Tissue Nerve Tissue Connective Tissue Epithelial Tissue

How is the Body Organized? Muscle Tissue—can contract and shorten; carries out movement Nerve Tissue—direct and controls; carries messages to the brain Connective Tissue—support and connects its part; Bone, Fat, Blood Epithelial Tissue—covers body; lining of digestive system

How is the Body Organized? Organs and Organ Systems Organs—groups of tissues working together Heart contains all four types of tissues Organ systems—group of organs working together

Organ systems: Circulatory: Digestive: Endocrine: Excretory: Muscular: Nervous: Reproductive: Respiratory: Skeletal: Skin:

Keeping the Body in Balance Define Homeostasis Describe the physical responses to stress and ways to deal with stress Terms: homeostasis, stress, adrenaline

Keeping the Body in Balance Homeostasis: body’s tendency to maintain an internal balance Need food and water to stay alive/maintain homeostasis Perspiration—allows body to maintain temperature

Keeping the Body in Balance Stress and Homeostasis Stress: reaction of body and mind to threat, challenge, or disturbing event Physical Response Alarm Stage: body releases adrenaline Adrenaline: burst of energy to body Breath quicker, blood-flow to muscles, pupils widen Flight or Fight—body prepares to run or fight

Stress Long-Term Stress Dealing with Stress A stressful situation can cause: tiredness, irritability, illness Dealing with Stress Recognize the stress and deal with it Physical activity and talk about situation can help minimize stress

Wellness Name and describe three components of wellness Explain how to evaluate wellness and list ways to improve personal health Terms: wellness, physical health, mental health, social health, peer pressure, continuum

Wellness Wellness: best possible health 3 Components of Health: physical, mental, and social Also include spiritual health

Physical Health: Body function Eat health food Regular exercise Sleep Protective Gear/Avoid Harmful Behaviors Mental Health: Feelings and Emotions Recognize achievements and shortcomings Manage stress appropriately Social Health: relationship with others Respectful loving relationships Peer pressure: pressure from others of same age can be positive or negative Spiritual Health: relationship with God Overall Wellness: Balance between all aspects of wellness

Evaluating your Wellness Continuum: possible stages between two extremes Choices have a strong influence of your continuum location Improving your Wellness Factors You Cannot Change Inherited traits, environment in which raised Making Wise Decisions Making health choices Avoiding harmful behaviors Think through the benefits and risks of a decision