3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Solids, Liquids, and Gases The carpenter’s level represents all three states of matter States of matter: Solids Liquids Gases

Definite Volume or Shape? Volume-how much space something takes up An elephant has a greater volume than a pencil Shape-the way something looks Think of the difference between a square or a circle

Definite Volume or Shape? Solids: definite volume and definite shape Liquids: definite volume but no definite shape Gases: no definite volume or shape

Definite Volume or Shape? Definite Shape Solids YES Liquids NO Gases

Other States of Matter Almost everything on Earth exists in solid, liquid, or gas form But nearly everything else in the Universe exists in a state not found on Earth Plasma Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)

Kinetic Theory Kinetic comes from a Greek word meaning, “to move” Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion The faster an object moves, the greater its kinetic energy Ball thrown at 85 mph has more kinetic energy than a ball thrown at 78 mph

Interesting! The batter sees the ball moving But there is movement within the ball too (that is not seen)

Kinetic Theory of Matter This theory simply states that all particles in matter are constantly moving

Explaining Behaviors Motion in Gases: motion of billiards in a game of pool. Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion Motions of particles are unaffected by each other unless they collide Forces of attraction between particles can be ignored under ordinary conditions

Explaining Behaviors Motion in Liquids: Like walking through a crowded hallway Particles are more densely packed So forces of attraction do affect each other’s motions Constant tug of war due to motion and attraction

Explaining Behaviors Motion in solids: like being in a packed movie theatre Particles vibrate around fixed locations Particles do not exchange places with their neighboring atoms