The Macromolecules of the Cell

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Presentation transcript:

The Macromolecules of the Cell Chapter 3: The Macromolecules of the Cell

Classes of Proteins Enzymes Structural Motility Regulatory Transport Hormonal Receptors Defensive Storage

Amino Acids Amino group Carboxyl (acid) group

R groups Leucine (Leu) Serine (Ser) Aspartic acid (Asp) Hydrophobic LE 3-12b R groups Leucine (Leu) Serine (Ser) Aspartic acid (Asp) Hydrophobic Hydrophilic

Primary Structure Amino acids

Secondary Structure Amino acids Hydrogen bond Alpha helix Pleated sheet

Tertiary Structure Amino acids Hydrogen bond Alpha helix Pleated sheet Polypeptide (single subunit of transthyretin)

Quaternary Structure Amino acids Hydrogen bond Alpha helix Pleated sheet Polypeptide (single subunit of transthyretin) Transthyretin, with four identical polypeptide subunits

Nucleic Acids Subunit (monomer) is a nucleotide Blueprints for proteins 2 types DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA – Ribonucleic Acid

Nucleotide Nitrogenous base (A) Sugar Phosphate group

Nucleotide

Polysaccharides

Glucose Fructose Aldosugar Ketosugar

Fischer Haworth

Glucose Maltose

Glycosidic Bonds Alpha Beta

Polysaccharides STARCH GLYCOGEN CELLULOSE Starch granules in potato tuber cells Glycogen granules in muscle tissues Cellulose fibrils in a plant cell wall Cellulose molecules GLYCOGEN CELLULOSE STARCH Glucose monomer

Lipids Fatty Acids Triacylglycerols Phospholipids Glycolipids Steroids Terpenes

Fatty Acids

Triacylglycerols Glycerol Fatty acid

Phospholipids

Glycolipids

Steroids O CH3 C OH O H O

Cholesterol: The steroid precursor

Terpenes

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