Chapter 37 Day 1, Aim: How did World War II begin? Do Now- Pair/Share 1) Compare the Munich Pact to the Treaty of Versailles 2) Why would the Europeans agree to this Pact? Agreement concluded at Munich, September 29, 1938, between Germany, Great Britain, France and Italy GERMANY, the United Kingdom, France and Italy, taking into consideration the agreement, which has been already reached in principle for the cession to Germany of the Sudeten German territory, have agreed on the following terms and conditions governing the said cession and the measures consequent thereon, and by this agreement they each hold themselves responsible for the steps necessary to secure its fulfilment: …(4) The occupation by stages of the predominantly German territory by German troops will begin on 1st October. The four territories marked on the attached map will be occupied by German troops in the following order: The territory marked No. I on the 1st and 2nd of October…

The Second World War 1939-1945 Allies vs. Axis Powers Italy, Germany and Japan form Axis “Revisionists:” wished to revise post-World War I peace treaties (?) Allies initially follow policy of appeasement War erupts 1939, global by 1941, over 1945 The Second World War 1939-1945

Axis Rally in Tokyo

Japan’s War in China Conquest of Chinese Manchuria 1931-1932 Full-scale invasion in 1937 The Rape of Nanjing Ariel bombing of urban center 400,000 Chinese used for bayonet practice, massacred 7,000 women raped 1/3 of all homes destroyed Japan signs Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy (1940), Non-Aggression Pact with USSR (1941)

Chinese Resistance Japanese aggression spurs “United Front” policy between Chinese Communists and Nationalists – WHY? Guerilla warfare ties down half of the Japanese army – WHY? Yet continued clashes between Communists and Nationalists Communists gain popular support, upper hand by end of the war- WHY?

Italian Aggression Benito Mussolini invades Ethiopia with overpowering force WHY Ethiopia? 2,000 Italian troops killed, 275,000 Ethiopians killed Also takes Libya, Albania

Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) withdraws from League of Nations Remilitarizes Germany Anschluss (“Union”) with Austria, 1938 Pressure on Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)

Munich Conference (1938) Italy, France, Great Britain, Germany meet Allies follow policy of appeasement Hitler promises to halt expansionist efforts British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940) promises “peace for our time” Hitler signs secret Russian-German Treaty of Non-Aggression (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, August 1939)

Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg: “lightning war” strategy Air forces soften up target, armored divisions rush in German U-boats (submarines) patrol Atlantic, threaten British shipping

Assessment Compare and contrast causes of World War I. Write a thesis statement for a possible C/C essay. Two similarities and One difference OR One similarity and Two differences