TAKS Objective 4 Energy, Forces, and Motion Middle School Science Science TAKS Need to Know http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/forces/sciber/intro.htm Science TAKS Need to Know

the ability to do work or to cause change Energy - the ability to do work or to cause change Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know 7 Forms of Energy M Mechanical energy (kinetic-energy); its counterpart is stored energy (potential energy) R Radiant energy or sunlight or solar S Sound energy C Chemical energy H Heat energy E Electrical energy N Nuclear energy Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Chemical Energy Science TAKS Need to Know

Chemical Energy – Transformations Chemical Energy – when light energy from the sun is converted to the energy in the bonds of the glucose sugar molecules formed during photosynthesis Examples of chemical energy changing into heat energy: ~ Lighting a match ~ Burning a wood fire Science TAKS Need to Know

Law of Conservation of Energy Note: Review previous Specific heat ppt here as well Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Potential or Kinetic Potential energy (PE) is stored energy due to an object’s position. Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy of motion. The speed and mass of an object affect its kinetic energy. Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Potential Energy (PE) Potential Energy Stored energy Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Kinetic Energy (KE) Energy due to the motion of an object Did you know that the gas burned in a car engine is chemical energy being turned into kinetic energy? Kinetic Energy Rubber band flying through the air has kinetic energy Speed & mass affect kinetic energy– Faster/heavier…more kinetic energy Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Energy Click Here Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Force pushing or pulling action that may change motion Forces may transfer energy between objects Forces may MOVE objects Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know A book resting on a desk illustrates balanced forces. However, a book dropped from a desk illustrates unbalanced forces. In this case, gravity has overcome the balance of forces. Force is measured in Newtons (N), which is the force required to accelerate a one kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second squared, or kg·m·s−2. Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Mass vs Weight Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is the same anywhere in the universe. Weight is the amount of force gravity exerts on an object. Weight changes based on location in the universe. Science TAKS Need to Know

You use force to move your body When you bend your arm, your muscles contract, which applies force to your arm bones. Your arm responds to this force by moving. During breathing, muscles contract (use force) to move air in and out of the lungs. The heart contracts (uses force) to pump blood through the blood vessels, carrying oxygen to the muscles. Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Balanced Force In order for a force to move something, it must be an unbalanced force. This means that a force is stronger in one direction than the forces in the opposite direction. Unbalanced Force Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know The need for speed Speed is the magnitude of velocity, measured in kilometers per hour or miles per hour. Speed = Distance Time Science TAKS Need to Know

Let's look at some motion data Acceleration of an object moving is a change in speed or direction. The unit for acceleration is m/s2. Science TAKS Need to Know

Let's look at some motion data Velocity Measure of speed with direction. Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Speed vs Velocity Science TAKS Need to Know

Let's look at some motion data Resistance oppose the motion of an object includes friction, drag, and wind Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know http://edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/simmach.html Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Simple Machines Decrease the amount of work by increasing the distance in order to get the same amount of work done. The idea is to make work easier be reducing the amount of force we need or reversing the direction of the force to get the same amount of work done. Science TAKS Need to Know

Bill Nye simple machine Science TAKS Need to Know

Science TAKS Need to Know Movie URL Potential vs Kinetic http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=127812 Speed vs Velocity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRb5PSxJerM Bill Nye http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grWIC9VsFY4 Science TAKS Need to Know