Motivation and Emotion Theories of Motivation Biological and Social Motives Emotions

What are the three greatest motivators in your life? Cognitive Moment

Teaching for the Day My Thoughts on Motivation (15-20 minutes) Pursuit of Happyness (10-15 minutes) Project Ideas (5-10 minutes) Teaching for the Day

Objectives Describe four theories of motivation. Discuss the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Objectives

Motivation to Climb a Mountain Follow along to see how one man was motivated enough to climb a mountain that seemed nearly impossible to accomplish. Motivation to Climb a Mountain

Refers to the physiological and psychological factors that cause us to act a specific way at a specific time. What is motivation?

Three Characteristics Energized to engage in some activity Direct energies toward reaching a goal Differing intensity of feelings about reaching the goal Three Characteristics

How are these characteristics seen in the story? Performing an equivalent of 5,000 pull ups (energized) Climbing the dangerous slope while handicapped (directing energy) Persisted even when exhausted (intensity) How are these characteristics seen in the story?

Instinct Theory Motivated by instincts Examples: flight, repulsion, curiosity Only labels motivation, does not explain it! Fixed action pattern = biological force Instinct Theory

Drive-Reduction Theory Focus on biological factors Need Drive Homeostasis Ex: having dessert after dinner Drive-Reduction Theory

Incentive Theory External environmental factors Grades, money, praise Pulling us to obtain rather than pushing to reduce Incentive Theory

Cognitive Theory Extrinsic = obtain external incentives Intrinsic = personally rewarding, fulfill beliefs Cognitive Theory

Watching the movie “Pursuit of Happyness” determine how the following theories can be seen in the main characters behavior: Instinct Drive-Reduction Incentive Cognitive Which theory best explains why he is motivated? Review

Motivation and Emotion Theories of Motivation Biological and Social Motives Emotions

How do your needs – both fulfilled and unfulfilled – affect your thoughts and behavior? Bell Ringer

Objectives Describe the biological and social needs of humans. Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Objectives

Biological Motives Glucostatic theory Psychosocial hunger factors Monitors energy in blood High levels of leptin signals the brain to reduce appetite Ghrelin stimulates appetite Psychosocial hunger factors Appearance of food, social pressures, boredom Biological Motives

Cultural Motives: Hunger Culture allows us to regulate eating times Americans – 3 meals a day (7, 12, 6) Europeans – 3 meals a day (8, 2, 9) Presents the idea that hunger is a product of biological and environmental factors Cultural Motives: Hunger

Eating Disorders and Obesity Anorexia Nervosa Consistently worry about gaining weight Distorted view of their body Bulimia Nervosa Binge eating and purging Upper and middle class typically suffer from these disorders Psychologist find it difficult to treat Eating Disorders and Obesity

Obesity Most pressing health issue Increase by more than 50% Black women, children Inheritance and a sedentary lifestyle lead to obesity BMI is used to indicate health status Obesity

Sex – Survival of the Species Turned on/off by biological conditions, environmental cues Social experience Sexual experience Nutrition Emotions Age Not controlled by hormones, but by choice Sex – Survival of the Species

Other Motives (287-293) Exploration and Curiosity Manipulation and Contact Aggression Achievement Affiliation Other Motives (287-293)

Social Motives Learned from interaction Fear of failure – choosing easy tasks or choosing impossible tasks Easier to maintain a good self-image Social Motives

Fear of Success/Failure/Expectancy-Value/Competancy Other Motivations Fear of Success/Failure/Expectancy-Value/Competancy

Bell Ringer Review other motives that were chosen yesterday. Choose a puzzle that you would complete and come up with an explanation as to why. Then choose which bucket you would throw the ball in to get extra credit. Come up with an explanation as to why you chose that bucket. Bell Ringer

Social Motives Fear of Success Expectancy-Value Competency Expecting it can make people avoid it Expectancy-Value Likelihood of success and how much it is worth to you Competency Success and failure can be instructive Social Motives

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Fundamental Needs Need for safety and security Psychological Needs Need to belong, receive love Self-Actualization Pursuit of knowledge and beauty Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

What describes you best? Need for Achievement Fear of Failure Fear of Success Expectancy-Value Theory Competency Theory What describes you best?

What is your hierarchy of needs? Come up with a unique way to display your hierarchy of needs, starting from the bottom moving your way up to the top. In no way does it have to follow Maslow’s structure. This can be as immaculate or as simple as you wish. What is your hierarchy of needs?

Motivation and Emotion Theories of Motivation Biological and Social Motives Emotions

Have volunteers present facial expressions that can range from anger, disgust, happy, sad, excited, disappointed, annoyed, surprised. Go through 4 different rounds to see if the students can determine the facial expression the students are trying to display. Do you think that facial expressions are universal? Bell Ringer

Objectives Give examples of the physiological theories of emotion. Explain the cognitive theorists approach to the study of emotion. Objectives

Emotional intelligence = ability to perceive, imagine and understand emotions – use in decision making Result from… Interpreting stimulus, subjective feeling, responses or observable behavior Emotion

Emotion Three parts Physical directs body to respond Behavioral is outward Cognitive interpret situation Facial expressions are innate, born with capacity to be emotional How do we know???

Watch episode 1 of season 1 of the television show Lie to Me to observe how facial expressions are culturally universal. Lie to Me

Emotional Expressions Do not overanalyze the pictures, base your decisions on the emotional content of the face. Label as one of the following: Surprise Anger Fear Disgust Happiness Sadness Emotional Expressions

Physiological Theories James-Lange Theory Use emotion to describe gut reactions Cannon-Bard Theory Once thalamus is triggered, we experience expression and emotion Physiological Theories

Cognitive Theories Schachter-Singer Experiment Opponent-Process Theory Take environmental cues to create emotion (perception) Opponent-Process Theory Removal of a stimulus causes a swing to an opposite emotion Cognitive Theories