DNA and Protein Synthesis Ch.11 Review DNA and Protein Synthesis

Who discovered the structure of DNA? A. Rosalind Franklin B. Hershey and Chase C. Watson and Crick D. Alfred Griffith

DNA has what type of structure? Alpha Helix Double Helix Single Strand Circular B. Double Helix

What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribose Dioxygen Nucleic Acid Deoxy Nucleic Acid Deoxyribonucleic Acid D. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

What is the function of DNA? Stores our genetic information Codes for mRNA to make proteins Makes lipids Both A and B D. Both A and B

What is the monomer of DNA? Nitrogen Base Nucleotide Deoxyribose Amino Acid B. Nucleotide

What are the three components of a nucleotide? Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogen Base

Which part of a nucleotide acts as the “glue” that stacks the nucleotides together to form the DNA backbone? Phosphate

Name the four DNA nitrogen Bases? Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine

The complementary base for Cytosine is _________. Guanine Nitrogen bases have complementary matching pairs.

Select the correct formation of a nucleotide below: Sugar- Phosphate- Nitrogen Base Phosphate- Nitrogen Base- Sugar Phosphate- Sugar- Nitrogen Base Nitrogen Base- Phosphate- Sugar C. Phosphate- Sugar- Nitrogen Base

Where does DNA replication take place? Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosome Rough ER A. Nucleus- DNA never leaves the nucleus

Semiconservative replication results in: 1 parent strand + 1 new strand 2 new strands 2 parent strands Mixed fragments of parent and new strands. A. 1 parent strand + 1 new strand

DNA replication is controlled by: Genes Nucleic Acids Enzymes Carbohydrates C. Enzymes

How are DNA and RNA similar? They both have nucleotides as their monomers.

List three things that makes RNA different from DNA. 1. RNA sugar= Ribose 2. RNA is single stranded 3. Thymine is replayced by Uracil

What is the monomer of RNA? Nitrogen Base Nucleotide Deoxyribose Amino Acid B. Nucleotide

What would be the complimentary mRNA sequence for the following DNA code: ATGCGA TACGCT CGUAUC UACGGA UACGCU D. UACGCU

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA? tRNA rRNA mRNA Protein D. Protein- Is not a type of RNA

Where does translation take place? Ribosome

This is an example of what process? Translation

What would happen if tRNA did not function? The coded message wouldn’t get to the ribosome mRNA can’t be created Amino acids could not be attached to the protein chain. Protein synthesis would be very sad. C. Amino acids could not be attached to the protein chain

What does tRNA need in order to bind to the mRNA codons? tRNA needs to have an anticodon that matches the codon on mRNA

What does a ribosome do? Makes proteins

What is the goal of transcription? Make mRNA “the message” * mRNA is created by copying segments of DNA

What is the goal of translation? Convert from mRNA code to Amino Acids

When ribosomes read mRNA, they do so by looking at the _______. Codons - Reading frames composed of three bases.

Any change in the DNA sequence is known as a _______. Mutation

What type of mutation results from an addition or deletion to the DNA sequence? Frameshift Mutation Pont Mutation Mutagen Cancer A. Frameshift Mutation

Translate the following mRNA code into amino acids: ACGUAC UAC= tyr ACG= thr