2/27/12 Grab your clicker Objective: Explain the concept of the genetic code Warm-Up: Why does splicing occur during mRNA processing? Congrats to science.

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2/27/12 Grab your clicker Objective: Explain the concept of the genetic code Warm-Up: Why does splicing occur during mRNA processing? Congrats to science fair winners: 3rd:Katie, Alex & Zain 5th: Cuinn & Kenny, Woudese & Mariam, Elizabeth & Marina, Sabrina & Edward & Madison, Charlie & Paul

Which of the following is true about mRNA? It is a double helix It never leaves the nucleus It uses the same nucleotides as DNA It is synthesized by RNA polymerase [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Exons… Are spliced out of the DNA Code for amino acids Are spliced out of the mRNA Are not transcribed [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

What is the function of the GTP cap and the poly-A tail? Differentiate DNA from mRNA Make the mRNA longer Protect the mRNA from being degraded Code for different amino acids [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

Retroviruses… Have an RNA genome Use the enzyme reverse transcriptase Can insert their genetic information into the host DNA All of the above [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

What is splicing? The process of removing non-coding sequence from DNA The process of removing non-coding sequence from mRNA The process of deleting genes The process of mutating DNA sequence [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

The Problem Nucleotide sequences correspond to amino acids Each amino acid has a unique nucleotide codon There are four different nucleotides: A, C, G, T/U There are 20 different amino acids What is the minimum length of a codon? How many nucleotides are used to specify one amino acid, given that 1:1 won’t work?

The Genetic Code The code is based on three-letter “words” called codons A codon is made up of 3 nucleotide bases Each codon corresponds to a single amino acid tRNA “reads” the mRNA codons and translates those codons into amino acids There are codons that signal “start” and “stop” to begin and end translation The code is universal—every organism with DNA uses the same code