Early Civilizations, Governments, & Religions

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Presentation transcript:

Early Civilizations, Governments, & Religions 11.2.15

Entry Task Textbook Pages 17-23 Questions: What are the 8 basic features of a civilization? How have different types of challenges encouraged peoples & civilizations to change over time?

8 Basic Features Cities Organized governments Complex religions Job specialization Social classes Arts & architecture Public works Writing

Changes over time How have different types of challenges encouraged peoples & civilizations to change over time?

Crash Course World History Episode 2: Indus Valley Civilization Write down as many notes as you can while we watch, we’ll compile our notes & see how much we can get https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM&index=2&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9

Government – What is it? The ruling body of a nation, state, or community. In charge of: creating and regulating laws managing the economy enforcing policies This can happen in many different ways, with different levels of freedoms. Not all governments are the same, and some look very different

Totalitarian A system of govt. that is centralized & dictatorial; requires complete subservience to the state Key features: ideology addresses all aspects of life & outlines means to attain the final goal single-party system led by a dictator some sense of terror used to control the people Historical examples: Hitler’s Germany Stalin’s Soviet Union Mussolini’s Italy

Autocracy System of government by one person with absolute power Monarchies are a type of autocracy, the next in line to the throne is based on heredity (son or daughter) Historical examples: Louis XIV (aka the sun king)

Aristocracy Rule by the few (Greek root words: ‘rule by the best’), usually made up of land owning, wealthy, and influential members of society Oligarchy is the main type of aristocracy Historical Example Sparta (ancient Greek city-state)

Democracy form of govt. in which all eligible citizens are meant to participate equally Key Features: All eligible citizens help make laws and govern In ancient Greece, eligible citizens did not mean ‘everybody’. Referred to wealthy, male citizens, who were Greek born Simple majorities Historical examples: Athens Switzerland

Republic system of government where people elect representatives to exercise power for them What government does the US have? A Democratic Republic! (we elect people to exercise power for us, but we elect them with a majority vote.)

Anarchy Absence of government, no government

Spectrum of Govt. Power Totalitarian (Dictatorship) Autocracy & Aristocracy Democracy Republic Anarchy 100% Power to Government 0% Personal Choices 100 % Equality 0% Power to Government 100% Personal Choices 0% Equality