Laser Spark Ignition System Dustin L. McIntyre, PhD, PE Mechanical Engineer This is the fifth and final option for your cover slide. The photo shown can be replaced with any 3” by 3” photo that looks good at that size and is appropriate to your topic. the ENERGY lab November 6, 2013 Commercial Opportunity Summary

The Technology Summary Large Bore Stationary Natural Gas Engine Ignition Improvement Elimination of electrode wear Lean burn limit extension Thermal efficiency improvement Ignitability improvement Market OEM Engine Mfg., Retrofit Engine Mfg., Engine owners/operators Development Stage Laboratory Investigations Prototype design phase Full system integration Funding DOE Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems Program Strength of the team Optical and laser design experts Dr.s Woodruff and McIntyre USDOE Commercial Opportunity Summary

Technology Proposition What is it? Miniaturized laser system that makes sparks without electrodes Why is this a game-changing technology/process? Elimination of electrode wear Reduction of down time costs for maintenance Spark can be placed anywhere in the combustion chamber Engine Efficiency improvement and NOx reduction What situation (“pain”) will you solve/exploit? Reduce maintenance costs and improve efficiency of system Why does the situation exist? Century’s old electrode based spark plug is cheap ($100-200 each for this application) Your opportunity to set the stage Tee up the problem that you can address ID some specific problem areas that you will address Can be positioned more as an opportunity Get Heads Nodding Commercial Opportunity Summary

The Competition Carinthian Tech Research Princeton Optronics Single cylinder, liquid cooled, side pumped Princeton Optronics VCSEL pumps at each cylinder (~$5k each) Colorado State University High energy delivery through special hollow fibers Argonne National Lab High energy delivery with mirrors Other laser manufacturers Volume not high enough THERE ARE ALWAYS COMPETITORS! Even if the alternative is ‘do nothing’ Need to demonstrate a clear advantage that will allow you to differentiate from the established players. Commercial Opportunity Summary

The Commercialization Plan Customers would include: OEM Engine Mfg., Retrofit Engine Mfg., Engine owners/operators Adoption drivers Electrical spark plug replacement cost and downtime Capital cost reduction (key components) Key tests and trials Device proof of concept completed System design and integration underway Estimated price of product/COGS Will depend on number of cylinders 8 cylinder unit system approx. $35k Intellectual property status US Patent 7421166 “Laser spark distribution and ignition system” 12N-03, S-130,175 “Laser interlock system" - Application filed Sept. 2013 13N-10, S-134,514, “Laser ignition device for improving lean burn ignitability and combustion stability" - Filing in process Licensing/CRADA Currently looking for development and/or commercialization partners Commercial Opportunity Summary

System in Operation Natural Gas Lean Burn Naturally Aspirated Operating at 1800 rpm Laser Pump Power 240 Watts Laser Peak Power 3.2 MWatts Fused Silica Window Lens Focal Intensity 225 GW/cm2

Opportunity Summary Recap: Thank You Natural gas engines: Efficiency enhancement and spark plug durability OEM Engine Mfg., Retrofit Engine Mfg., Engine owners/operators One patent, patent application filed July 2013, one application in progress Proof of concept complete, entering system integration phase Looking for development partners for licensing and/or CRADA Commercial Opportunity Summary