Journal #2: You Write! Be prepared to share – this should be school appropriate. Title your paper “Journal #2,” include a heading, keep with your other journal writing. Take about 10 minutes: Try to convince your parents to lend you a lot of money, an amount they would not usually give out freely. How would you convince them? Write your letter… Now take another 10 minutes: Try to convince your friend to lend you a lot of money, an amount they would not usually give out freely. How would you convince them? Write your letter…

Rhetorical Devices Take out a new sheet of paper, and let’s take some notes!

Persuasive Appeals How does an author get his or her point across? Logos Ethos Pathos How does an author get his or her point across? How would you convince your parents to buy you a car? Let you go out on a school night?

Types of Appeals THREE persuasive appeals: Appeals to Logic (Logos) Appeals to Emotions (Pathos) Appeals to Trustworthiness (Ethos)

Logos: The logic and structure Testimony Quote research Facts and statistics Rational support Credible sources STRUCTURE: The author’s claim The reasons The evidence 3rd stopped here

Pathos: Emotions Descriptive language Imagery and Metaphor Tone Uses familiar slang Uses moving examples Draws on common beliefs Personal stories

Ethos: Author’s Credibility Author is fair to gain trust Presents a logical argument. Shows respect to audience. Demonstrates knowledge. Exhibits expertise and insight.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Red= Emotional appeals (pathos) Green=Ethical appeals (ethos) Blue=Logical appeals (logos) Dear Fellow Clergymen, While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities "unwise and untimely." Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work. But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statements in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Red= Emotional appeals (pathos) Green=Ethical appeals (ethos) Blue=Logical appeals (logos) I think I should indicate why I am here in Birmingham, since you have been influenced by the view which argues against "outsiders coming in." I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Several months ago the affiliate here in Birmingham asked us to be on call to engage in a nonviolent direct-action program if such were deemed necessary. We readily consented, and when the hour came we lived up to our promise.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Red= Emotional appeals (pathos) Green=Ethical appeals (ethos) Blue=Logical appeals (logos) We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was "legal" and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was "illegal." It was "illegal" to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws.

Letter from Birmingham Jail Red= Emotional appeals (pathos) Green=Ethical appeals (ethos) Blue=Logical appeals (logos) Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear- drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation with all their scintillating beauty.

You Find It: What kind of appeals can you see? Read the following paragraph and list the appeals you see in three columns: ethos, pathos, and logos Thank you for reading my letter. I know you are very busy, and I really appreciate it. I am writing because I think it is unfair that Janet gets to stay out until 10:00 on a school night, but I have to be home by 7:30. I know she is older than I am, but I think if you look at my responsible track record, good grades, and ability to hold down a job, I should also get this opportunity. I’ve done some research, and 90% of my classmates are able to stay out until at least 9:00. I hope you will think back and remember all the good things I have done: to trust me, to love me, and know that I am ready for this time. Thank you.