Chapter 10, Ancient Greece, Day 2 Do Now: 1) How did Alexander the Great effect Southwest Asia and Northeast Africa?

After Alexander’s death, competition for empire Divided by generals – WHY in this way? Antigonus: Greece and Macedon Ptolemy: Egypt Seleucus: Persian Achaemenid empire Economic integration, intellectual cross-fertilization

Hellenistic Empires after Alexander The Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt) Wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires Established state monopolies Textiles Salt Beer Capital: Alexandria Important port city Major museum, library The Antigonid Empire (Greece) Smallest of Hellenistic empires Local dissent Issue of land distribution Heavy colonizing activity Seleucid Empire (Persia) Massive colonization of Greeks Export of Greek culture, values as far east as India Bactria Ashoka legislates in Greek and Aramaic

Trade and Integration of the Mediterranean Basin Greece: little grain, but rich in olives and grapes Colonies further trade Commerce rather than agriculture as basis of much of economy Panhellenic Festivals Useful for integrating far-flung colonies Olympic Games begin 776 B.C.E. Sense of collective identity

Patriarchal Society Women as goddesses, wives, prostitutes Limited exposure in public sphere Sparta partial exception Sappho Role of infanticide in Greek society and culture Slavery Scythians (Ukraine) Nubians (Africa) Chattel Sometimes used in business Opportunity to buy freedom

The Greek Language Borrowed Phoenician alphabet (who invented alphabet) Added vowels Complex language Science and Mathematics Use of observable evidence, rational thought Thales predicts eclipse, 28 May 585 B.C.E. Democritus, atoms Pythagoras, systematic approach to mathematics Hippocrates, human anatomy and physiology

Systematized Socratic thought Republic Plato Systematized Socratic thought Republic Philosopher kings Theory of Forms or Ideas Plato’s Cave Socrates The Socratic method Student: Plato Public gadfly, condemned on charges of immorality Forced to drink hemlock

Aristotle (389-322 B.C.E.) Student of Plato Broke with theory of Forms or Ideas Emphasis on empirical findings, reason Massive impact on western thought Religion Polytheism Zeus principal god Religious cults Eleusinian mysteries The Bacchae Rituals eventually domesticated

Hellenistic Philosophies Epicureans Pleasure, distinct from Hedonists Skeptics Doubted possibility of certainty in anything Stoics Duty, virtue Emphasis on inner peace Tragic Drama Evolution from public presentations of cultic rituals Major playwrights (fifth century B.C.E.) Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides Comedy: Aristophanes

Summary Can you use PERSIAN to describe the Ancient Greek Civilization? Provide examples P E R S I A N