Unit 1: Colonization & Revolution Week 3 – The American Revolution

Essential Question To what extent has the Declaration of Independence and the American Revolution impacted the ideals of our nation?

Vocabulary French & Indian War (pg. 116) Treaty of Paris (pg. 118) Royal Proclamation of 1763 (pg. 119) Inflation (pg. 120) Boston Massacre (pg. 123) Loyalist (pg. 129) Patriot (pg. 129) Lexington & Concord (pg. 130) Declaration of Independence (pg. 133) Saratoga (pg. 141) Yorktown (pg. 144) Republic (pg. 147)

The French & Indian War (1754-1763) War between France & Great Britain The American colonists were British citizens and fought for Great Britain. The conflict was over who would control the Ohio River Valley territory. Great Britain wins and the French are forced to give up the territory in the Treaty of Paris. Ohio River Valley

Proclamation of 1763 The land won by Great Britain in the French & Indian war was restricted from the colonists. Colonists were forbidden to settle west of the Appalachian mountains. This was done to organize the empire and stabilize relations with the Native Americans. Many colonists were angry because they saw the territory as a reward for serving in the war.

Great Britain Taxes the Colonies Great Britain stops the policy of Salutary Neglect Fighting the French & Indian war created a lot of debt for Great Britain. In order to pay of their war debts they created and increased taxes on the colonists. Colonists believed only their colonial governments had the right to tax them and not English Parliament since they had no representation in Parliament. NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!

A Long Train of Abuses Great Britain’s Action: Colonists Reaction: Created admirality courts which try American smugglers in courts in England (Sugar Act). This action violated the right to a trial by a jury of your peers (Magna Carta & English Bill of Rights). Colonists Reaction: Colonists protested the act and smuggling increased

A Long Train of Abuses Cont. Great Britain’s Action: Implemented the Stamp Act: a direct tax on paper goods in the colonies – newspapers etc. Colonists’ Reaction: Colonists opposed the Stamp Act Created the Sons & Daughters of Liberty Formed the Stamp Act Congress (established a boycott of British goods). Great Britain repealed the Stamp Act

Abuses Lead to War Great Britain’s Actions: Reactions and Actions: Great Britain stationed more troops in colonial cities which led to the Boston Massacre worsening relations between the colonists and Great Britain. Great Britain implemented more taxes (Townshend) on the colonies. Reactions and Actions: The Townshend Acts led to more boycotts. The Tea Act resulted in the Boston Tea Party. The Boston Tea Party led to the Intolerable (Coercive) Acts. The First Continental Congress formed and commissioned the writing of the Declaration of Independence.

The Declaration of Independence Purpose To formerly declare the colonies independent from Great Britain. To further the cause of the revolution by attempting to convince loyalists of Great Britain’s wrong doing. Defines limited government based on the ideas of John Locke: equality, natural rights, the government’s purpose to secure those rights, and the right of the people to alter/abolish a government that fails to do so. To list the grievances against the king since he violated the rights of the colonists.

The War Beginning Turning Point End Lexington & Concord – “Shot hear ‘round the world” signaled the beginning of the war when patriot minutemen engaged the British. Turning Point Saratoga – Horatio Gates’ victory over the British at Saratoga, NY showed the world America was capable of winning the war and convinced France to aid America with its navy and training officers. End British surrender at Yorktown – With the help of the French Navy, American troops were able to surround British General Corn Wallis, forcing him to surrender ending the war.

Impact The French and Indian War put Great Britain into debt which it attempted to pay by raising taxes on the colonies. This caused great resentment and reaction by the colonists who felt that they should not be taxed by a body they have no representation in. & The Declaration of Independence furthered the cause of the revolution by defining American beliefs of the role of government to protect the people’s natural rights and promoted the equality of all men.