Purpose Monosaccharides Disaccharides Carbohydrates Purpose Monosaccharides Disaccharides

Carbohydrates, or carbs are sugars, starches, and cellulose What is a Carb? Carbohydrates, or carbs are sugars, starches, and cellulose Carbs are produced by plants during photosynthesis

Function/Purpose of Carbohydrates Carbs provide nutrients to living things Cellulose – provides support for plants Starch – stores energy in plants

Function/Purpose of Carbohydrates Carbs provide nearly all of the energy available in plant-derived foods Animals can not make their own carbohydrates, therefor they must get them from food

Monosaccharide A simple sugar, the basic single subunit of a carbohydrate 3-7 Carbon Typically sweet tasting White solid at room temperature Soluble in water due to the polar hydroxyl (OH) groups

Monosaccharides Glucose Fructose Most abundant monosacch. in nature Provides energy for cellular activity All eaten carbs break down into glucose, stored in liver as glycogen or used by cells immediately In most fruits and honey Sweetest natural sugar Can be used as a low- calorie sweetner, less needed for same sweetness

Disaccharide Sugar that consists of two monosaccharide units that are joined together via dehydration condensation

Disaccharides “Table Sugar” Glucose + Fructose Sucrose Lactose “Table Sugar” Glucose + Fructose From sugar cane, or sugar beets “milk sugar” Glucose + Galactose Human milk 7-8% lactose Cow milk is 4-5% Baby formula is enriched with lactose to be more like human breast milk