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Find your science journal. Feedback: Maria C 3.6, AHL 7.6 Enzymes Find your science journal. Feedback: Maria C

Mitosis versus Meiosis Purpose of mitosis = growth, tissue repair, asexual reproduction

Crossing over: Prophase I Non-sister chromatid from each homologous pair intertwine, reciprocal exchange genetic info

Significance: produce 4 haploid cells, each with new combination of alleles! (i.e. increases genetic variation) We didn’t do this with our activity – 4 stacks (2 different combinations)

Applications of enzymes Fruit juice pectinase

Applications of enzymes Paper production cellulase

Applications of enzymes Protease

Applications of enzymes Protease

3.6.1-3.6.2 What are enzymes? http://i-biology.net/ibdpbio/01-cells-and-energy/enzymes-inc-ahl-76-and-c2/ http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html

HL 7.6.2 Lock and key The substrate and active site match each other structurally and chemically (charges) Problem: some enzymes can catalyze multiple reactions http://i-biology.net/ibdpbio/01-cells-and-energy/enzymes-inc-ahl-76-and-c2/

HL 7.6.2 Induced fit model When the substrate approaches the enzyme, there is a conformational change in the active site Alters stability of bonds in the substrate http://i-biology.net/ibdpbio/01-cells-and-energy/enzymes-inc-ahl-76-and-c2/

HL 7.6.3 Activation Energy

3.6.5 What is lactose intolerance? Lactose (milk sugar) Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, because of a lack of the required enzyme lactase in the digestive system.

Frequency of lactose intolerance Milk Intolerance

Frequency of lactose intolerance in babies Milk Intolerance The prevalence of lactose intolerance is lowest in populations with a long history of dependence on unfermented milk products as an important food source. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/lactose-intolerance

3.6.5 Lactose free milk Lactase is obtained by artificially culturing a fungus, Kluveromyces lactisthe fungus grows naturally in milk where it uses lactase to hydrolyze lactose into glucose and galactose Biotechnology companies culture the yeast, extract the lactase from the yeast, and purify it for sale to food manufacturing companies

3.6, AHL 7.6 Enzymes Find your science journal. Submit your lactase lab. Feedback: Maria C Announcement: LL, Test