How can nationalism create conflict? Causes for WWI Warm-Up Questions: What is Nationalism? How can nationalism create conflict?

World War I: Vocabulary Nationalism: pride in one’s country Militarism (arms race): a competition between countries to see who can create the most powerful weapons. System of Alliances: when many alliances are made at the same time. Imperialism: building an empire by taking over other countries.

WWI: Vocabulary, cont. colonies: a country or a region whose government is controlled by another distant country. empire: a group of nations, territories or people ruled by a single authority, especially an emperor or empress trigger: an event that creates an immediate reaction. cause: an event or events that over time lead to a reaction. alliance: an agreement between countries to help each other in time of need. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htyue8xRS7M

Two Kinds of Nationalism the desire of subject peoples for independence - Example: led to a series of national struggles for independence among the Balkan peoples. Other powers got involved and caused much instability. the desire of independent nations for dominance and prestige - Example: As the powers try to dominate each other in Europe, their rivalries may be regarded as one of the causes of the First World War.

Alliances

More Alliances Germany assures Austria of full support in case of war with Serbia. Austrian ultimatum to Serbia: Suppress all anti-Austrian propaganda Dismiss all anti-Austrian officials Austrian police would aid in ultimatum order with Serbian officials. Serbia said yes to 1 and 2, but not 3.

Even More Alliances Russia will support Serbia in case of attack. France will support Russia against Germany. Britain enters when Germany invades Belgium.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Heir to throne of Austria-Hungary Wanted to convert from a dual monarchy to a triple monarchy to include Serbia. Assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, in Sarajevo, June 28, 1914

Gavrilo Princip a Serbian Nationalist Member of the Black Hand No evidence that the assassination was ordered by the government

Time Line June 28, 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated July 23, 1914:Austria issues ultimatum to be answered in 48 hours July 24, 1914: Russia learns of ultimatum July 26, 1914: Russia offers support to Serbia

Time Line cont. July 28, 1914: Austria declares Serbian reply unsatisfactory, declares war July 29, 1914: Austria attacks Belgrade, capital of Serbia July 30, 1914: Russia mobilizes forces to support Serbia

More Time Line August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France August 4, 1914: Germany invades Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany World War I, “The War to End All Wars”

Strategy -War develops into trench warfare after initial German advance failed to defeat France -Germany wants to defeat Russia first if faced with two front war -Allies want to force fighting on two fronts and get help from U.S.

US Neutrality U.S. declares neutrality in the war develops sympathy for the Allied cause Begins to export war materials Submarine warfare begins Wilson wins 1916 election on slogan “He kept us out of war!” isolationist policy

Stalemate War quickly reaches a stalemate -Trench warfare Over the Top No Man’s Land New Type of War new technology Submarines airplanes New weapons poison gas mustard gas

“Gassed” John Singer Sargent

US Enters the War -Peace without Victory -idealistic peace plan -Submarine warfare continues -Zimmerman Note intercepted -Wilson calls for War “War to make world safe for democracy” -Russian Revolution takes them out of the war

Military Operations Selective Service Act - drafted over 3 million troops recruits trained for 9 months transportation problems gov’t control of industry use of convoy system

Military Operations “Over There” “Dough Boys“ General John Pershing American Expeditionary Force -Argonne Forest Campaign -Alvin York-American Hero -Armistice Nov. 1918

Fighting Over There -most U.S. soldiers were not experienced travelers -huge cannons, Zeppelins, machine guns, poison gases, tanks, airplanes -poor medical care shell shock, trench foot,

Public Opinion Committee on Public Information George Creel 4 Minute Men “I want You” Campaign Anti-immigrant sentiment Espionage and Sedition Act Schenck v. United States

Wilson’s Plan -based on idea of Peace without Victory -would eliminate reasons for future wars Democracy freedom of the sea reduce armaments -set certain goals for the world

14 Points Wilson’s speech that organized his idea of the future described solution to prevent causes of the war no secret treaties freedom of seas lower tariffs reduce armaments self determination -League of Nations

Versailles Peace Conference -Big Four U.S., Britain, France, Italy -Central Powers left out of the meetings as was Russia -Allied leaders wanted to blame and punish Germany -Most of the 14 Points were ignored -Wilson did manage to secure the League of Nations

Peace Treaty nine new nations created and several borders moved Germany is demilitarized reparations must be paid Germany must acknowledge war guilt Weaknesses of Treaty will lead to future wars Germany can’t repay Russia is ignored Colonialism remained

Opposition Some thought it too harsh others thought it changed nothing U.S. leaders disliked the League of Nations Henry Cabot Lodge threatens our ability to stay out of foreign affairs Wilson sets out to appeal to the people Wilson suffers a stroke U.S. Senate never approves the treaty

Wilson’s Legacy -Progressive reformer -Prohibition starts -women’s suffrage -Victory in the Great War -vision of a world organization to prevent war -prediction of future wars WW II

Social Changes African Americans -Women Great Migration brought increased opportunities Civil Rights Debated?? -Women took the jobs left by many men 19th Amendment was passed

Epidemic -World War brought disease to a new level -large groups of people were exposed -Influenza (flu) outbreak of 1918 spread all over the world -1/4 of the U.S. fell victim and ½ million died -as many as 40 million dead worldwide

Propaganda Watch: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9FxF9YF5PQ Draw a propaganda poster that would be used in WWI Include a one-paragraph summary of their poster. Answer in a second paragraph: “How did nationalism lead to WWI?” This will be turned in at the end of class.