Please pick up an ERA IV packet from the front and have a seat

Thursday May 5th - one week left! Agenda for the day: Notes on Era IV Era IV exams back – test correction assignment Practice Multiple Choice Exams Work on Era III, IV and V Quizzes back from throughout the school year HOMEWORK: STUDY FOR THE EXAM!

* Get ready to take notes! Why 1750? Continuities: France – absolute rule China – sense of cultural superiority Societies divided by race Changes: French Revolution End of Japanese isolation and beginning of rapid modernization

1750 - 1914 Rise of the West  Imperialism Industrialization Enlightenment  Political reform Nationalism Ethnocentrism Urbanization Rapid change Telegraph, telephone, radio, postal system, steamship, railroad

Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in mid 1700s deposits of coal, enclosure movement Improved farming techniques  population moved to cities with increased industrial jobs New sources of energy – steam engine New methods – factory model New inventions – textile industry (weaving) New class system – working class “proletariat” New desire – for raw materials, natural resources

World Trade Manufactured goods in the west Atlantic World Needed raw materials to produce them Railroad allows exploitation of natural resources Atlantic World Plantation system, exploitation of newly independent Latin American nations Large plantation crops based on needs of West Sugar, coffee, cotton, cacao Islamic World Trade decreased Ottoman empire weakened China opened up to Europe

Suez Canal Suez canal opened in 1869 British take control by 1882

Atlantic Slave Trade Effects on Africa Population loss Relied on importation of foreign goods Weakens internal development Coastal kingdoms – ruled by warlords Economic slump at end of slave trade End of Trans-Atlantic slave trade Cost – too expensive Moral, ethical, religious reasons 1807 – slavery illegal in Great Britain Abolitionist movement Blockade of west African coast

End of Slave Trade British patrol supervising W Coast Slave trade shifts east Rise of legitimate slave trade (palm oil, rubber) Secondary kingdoms form Africa starts to reform (1850’s) to combat the West Egypt, Ethiopia and Sokoto Claiphate New states form- zulu

Rise of Western Dominance Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference 1884

Imperialism and Colonialism Causes: industrialization, wealth, transportation Economic imperialism Military power Population growth and expansion Science and technology Racial superiority – Social Darwinism

British in India Raw materials to Britain, finished back to India Textile industry Spread of Christianity Upper castes – English language and culture Railroads, canals, urbanization “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire

Europe in Southeast Asia Singapore – trading center, naval base  British Burma  British Hong Kong  British Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)  French Indonesia  Dutch Thailand  remained independent (leader and luck) Philippines  US annexation after Spanish out

New Political Ideas Rise of Nationalism Growth of Nation-states/ empires

Enlightenment to Revolution Enlightenment philosophies inspired revolutions in North America, France and Haiti Latin American independence movements Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil United States (1776) France (1789) Haiti (1803) Mexico (1910) China (1911)

American Revolution Colonies frustrated with mercantile policy of G.B. “taxation without representation” Inspired by Enlightenment – national identity Protest, boycotts, violence Declaration of Independence – 1776 Alliance with Britain’s enemies (French) Independence movement  uprising against imperial power Sent precedence for later colonies Ideas from revolution spread worldwide

French Revolution High taxes, high prices = unhappy peasantry Ineffective king – spending too much! Phases of revolutionary “fever” Results: Popular government failed – Napoleon as dictator Eliminated absolute monarchy Gave voice to needs of people Starts trend of greater representation Inspires later revolutions

Haitian Revolution Enlightenment ideas, French Revolution Slave uprising Mercantilist policy Outcome: Independence declared in 1804 First nation in L. America French pull back from colonies Toussaint L’Ouverture

Mexican Revolution Inspired by Haiti Spain at war with France Mestizo/Native Americans rebellion and revolt Demanded reforms Dictatorship Civil war Constitution and election by 1917

Latin American Independence Movements Growing sense of national identity Resentment of Spanish/Portuguese economic policies Frustration of American-born Creole upper and middle class – would never be seen as equal to European-born Confusion in Europe over leadership Rise of dictatorial/military rule Caudillos – military strongmen Social and racial divisions Foreign influence

Chinese Revolution Increasing power of foreign nations Boxer and Taiping Rebellions Defeat to Japanese in Sino-Japanese war Discontent of rural poor peasants Qing- oppressive rule, losing territory Revolution  chaos, civil war  Republic in 1927 Nationalist/Kuomintang Party Dr. Sun Yat Sen

Japan Highly ethnocentric, self-involved Did not allow travel abroad Commodore Perry – 1853 Isolation led to military/economic disadvantage Organized Japanese nationalists  Meiji Restoration Westernization Built up industry/military Sino-Japanese War 1895 Russo-Japanese War 1904 Nationalism, imperialism

Ottoman Empire Foreigners at borders Declining slowly Military and financial support from Britain and France Corrupt government Tanzimat Reforms – alienate conservatives British gain control of region

Russia Absolute power to czars in order to keep control Secret police used to root out rebellion 1860s – Alexander II – Emancipation Edict to abolish serfdom Given small plots of land, huge payments to government, moved to cities to work in industry Russian language/Orthodox Christianity  culture Protestors ask for reform from the czar – Bloody Sunday 1905 Legislative reforms, Prime Minister

Changes in Social and Gender Structure Industrial Revolution Commercial developments Tension between work patterns and ideas about gender Emancipation of serfs and slaves Women’s emancipation movements

Demographic and Environmental Changes End of Atlantic Slave Trade Migration – immigration New birthrate patterns Disease prevention and eradication Food supply