The Mole.

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Presentation transcript:

The Mole

The Mole Avagadro’s # - 6.02 x 1023 -The mole (mol) is the SI base unit to measure the amount of substance. -Through experimentation, it has been determined that 1 mole of anything contains 6.001367 x 1023 representative particles -A representative particle is any kind of particle (Ex. Atoms, molecules, formula units, electrons or ions) Avagadro’s # - 6.02 x 1023 -Extremely large number to count extremely small numbers

Converting Moles to Particles and Particles to Moles Conversion Factor: 6.02 x 1023 representative particles 1 Mole Moles to Particles # of Moles x 6.02 x 1023particles = # of Particles 1 Mole Ex: How many molecules are in 3.50 Moles of sucrose?

Particles to Moles # of representative particles x 1 Mole________ # of representative particles x 1 Mole________ 6.02 x 1023 rep particles Ex: Calculate the number of Moles that contain 4.50 x 1024 atoms of Zinc (Zn).

For example: C- 12.011 amu, H- 1.008 amu Molar Mass -You can find Atomic Mass on the PT. but notice, it is not an exact integer For example: C- 12.011 amu, H- 1.008 amu -This is because these weights are an AVERAGE weight of all naturally occurring isotopes. Isotope- Atoms of the same element with the same number of proton but different number of neutrons, or different atomic mass Molar Mass- the mass in grams of one Mole of any pure substance Molar Mass (mm) is equal to atomic mass Units- g/mol

Ex: Calculate the molar mass of Cl2

Ex: How many moles of calcium are in 525g Calcium? Mass to Moles # of grams x 1 mole = of moles mm Ex: How many moles of calcium are in 525g Calcium?

Mass to Atoms Conversion -There is no direct conversion Two Steps 1. Covert Mass to Moles 2. Convert Moles to Atoms Ex: How many atoms of gold are in a pure gold nugget having a mass of 25.0g?

Atoms to Mass Conversion Ex: A party balloon contains 5.50 x 1022 atoms of Helium gas, what is the mass in grams of the Helium?

Assignment: Chemistry Matter and Change – Glencoe Text Pages 346 – 347 #’s 89-93, 95, 98-100, 101, 103

Moles of Compounds Recall: The chemical formula for a compound indicates the types of atom and the number of each atom present. Ex Freon, CC12F2 C – 1 atom C1 – 2 atoms F – 2 atoms

How many moles of fluorine atoms are in 5.50 moles of Freon? Finding Moles of Individual Atoms in a Compound Ex Freon, CC12F2 We know = C – 1 atom C1 – 2 atoms F – 2 atoms So we can write: 1 mol C atom 2 mol C1 atoms 2 mol F atoms 1 mol CC2F2 1 mol CC12F2 1 mol CC12F2 How many moles of fluorine atoms are in 5.50 moles of Freon?

Ex. 2 Determine the mols of aluminum ions in 1 Ex.2 Determine the mols of aluminum ions in 1.25 mols of Aluminum Oxide.

Molar Mass of Compounds - The mass of a mole of compound equals the SUM of the masses of every particle in the compound Ex. Calculate the molar masses of K2CrO4

Moles of a Compound to Mass Two Steps: 1. Calculate Molar Mass of Compound 2. Convert to Mass Ex. What is the mass of 2.50 moles of allyl sulfide, (C3H5)2S ?

Ex. Calculate the mols of 325 g of Calcium Hydroxide Converting Mass of Compound to Moles Two Steps: 1. Calculate Molar Mass of Compound 2. Convert Mass to Moles Ex. Calculate the mols of 325 g of Calcium Hydroxide

Converting Mass of Compounds to number of Particles 3 Steps 3 Steps 1. Calculate the Molar Mass of Compound 2. Convert Mass to Moles 3. Convert Moles to Particles Ex. Aluminum Chloride is used in refining petroleum and manufacturing rubber and lubricants. A sample of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) has a mass of 35.6g. How many AlCl3 atoms are present?

Textbook Assignment: Page 347 #107, 108, 111 Page 348 #114, 115, 123, 127

Converting from Moles to Gas Volume - Many elements occur naturally in gas form - Molar volume can be used to convert moles to gas volume and gas volume to moles 1 mole is equal to 22.4 L or 1 mole 22.4 L Ex. A certain reaction produces 86.5L of hydrogen gas. How many moles of Hydrogen were produced? (Remember: Diatomics, H2)

Converting from Moles to Gas Volume Ex. What Volume does 4.96 moles of O2 occupy?

Converting Volume to Mass 3 Steps: 1. Convert Volume to Mass 3 Steps: 1. Convert Volume to Mass 2. Calculate Molar Mass 3. Convert Moles to Mass Ex. Assume we have 86.7L of N2. What is the mass of nitrogen gas?