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Presentation transcript:

Sound

What is sound? Sound begins with a vibration. Sounds travel in waves through a medium.

What is a wave? Energy is transferred through a wave. Mechanical waves- travel through a medium Electromagnetic waves- do not need a medium to travel Can you think of examples of each? Which one does this picture represent? Sound waves are mechanical because they need a medium to travel.

Mechanical Waves Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves The motion of the medium is parallel to the motion of the wave Back and Forth Waves **Sound Waves** Transverse Waves The motion of the medium is perpendicular to the motion of the wave Up and Down Waves

Another View

Longitudinal Waves Compression When waves are close together Rarefaction When waves are far apart

Transverse Waves Trough- lowest point on a wave Wavelength - the distance from the top of one wave to the top of the next Frequency - # of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time As the frequency increases, pitch gets higher As the frequency decreases, pitch gets lower Measured in Hertz Crest- highest point on a wave Amplitude- Volume of a wave (height of a wave) As wave height increases, volume increases Measured in Decibels

Amplitude versus Frequency Which one will have the higher volume? Frequency Which one will have the higher pitch?

What can you hear? Decibels (dB): Volume Hertz (Hz): Pitch Normal Speech: 60dB Library: 40dB Close Whisper: 20dB Jet Engine: 140dB Loud Rock Music: 110dB Subway Train: 100dB Busy Street Traffic: 70dB 120dB or above usually causes pain to the ear Hertz (Hz): Pitch Young people can hear frequencies between 20-20,000 Hz Dogs can hear frequencies that range from 67-45,000 Hz As you age, your ability to hear high frequency sound decreases.

Diagram of a Transverse Wave Draw this on page 4L of your notebook Create a diagram for the parts of a wave. Label the crest, trough, wavelength, and amplitude

CREST AMPLITUDE TROUGH WAVELENGTH