The Skeletal System

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Functions of Bones 1.Support Form the internal framework of the body Ribcage supports the thoracic wall Legs support the torso

Bones protect soft body organs The Skull shields the brain Functions of Bones - continued 2. Protection Bones protect soft body organs The Skull shields the brain The Ribcage and shoulder girdle protects the heart and lungs

Skeletal muscle attach to bones by tendons Functions of Bones - continued 3. Movement Skeletal muscle attach to bones by tendons The skeletal muscles use the bones as levers to produce locomotion

The internal cavities of bone store fat Functions of Bones - continued 4. Storage The internal cavities of bone store fat The matrix of bone tissue is a storage medium for minerals They are found in the form of inorganic salts - two primary minerals: Calcium Phosphorus

Certain bones have marrow cavities which contain red marrow Functions of Bones - continued 5. Blood Formation Certain bones have marrow cavities which contain red marrow red marrow is the site of hematopoiesis

Classification of Bones

Types of bone tissue Compact Spongy

Spongy – no video available Types of bone tissue Compact http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qTiw8lyYbs Spongy – no video available

Classification of bone based on structure Long Short Flat Irregular

Structure of a long bone Diaphysis is the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow ane adipose tissue (fat). Periosteum -is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones

Perforating Fibers , also called Sharpey's fibers - are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of strong collagenous fibers connecting periosteum to bone. A good example is the attachment of the rotator cuff muscles to the blade of the scapula.

Medullary Cavity – is the central cavity of bone shafts where red (and/or yellow) bone marrow is stored; Aka the marrow cavity. Located in the main shaft (cortical bone) of a long bone (diaphysis) (consisting mostly of compact bone), the medullary cavity has walls composed spongy bone (cancellous bone) and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane (endosteum)

Red marrow is found in the interior of bones. Red blood cells are produced in the heads of long bones, in a process known as hematopoiesis. bone marrow is 4% of the total body mass; in an adult weighing (140 lb), bone marrow accounts for about (5.7 lb). Approximately 500 billion blood cells are made per day

Yellow Marrow – Adipose tissue (fat) – can be converted to red marrow when needed.

Diseases of marrow Aplastic anemia, Multiple Myeloma(cancer) Tuberculosis (bacterial infection) Leukemia (white cell cancer), which attacks its hematologic progenitor cells. Radiation or chemotherapy will kill many of the cells of the bone marrow, and will result in a depressed immune system. Many of the symptoms of radiation sickness are due to damage sustained by the bone marrow cells

Epiphysis Articular Cartilage Epihyseal Plate Epiphyseal Line Spongy bone  Contains Red Marrow