Spanish American War Lesson 1

Rebellion in Cuba Cuba 10 Years War Produced 1/3 of the world’s sugar Controlled by Spain 10 Years War Cubans rebel against Spain Clubs across Cuba form to support rebels Jose Marti – joins these and eventually exiled to Spain

Between Rebellion and War Cubans lose the Ten Year War Jose Marti travels around the world raising funds and support for the Cuban cause New rebellion starts in 1895 Marti is killed in battle Rebels take a large portion of Cuba Republic of Cuba is established on part of the island

Reasons for War Yellow Journalism favors Cubans Sensationalist stories to sell papers Americans hear about Spanish Re-concentration Camps were thousands die De Lome Letter – Spanish officials mock President McKinley The U.S. ship the Maine explodes in Havana Harbor Jingoism – extreme nationalism and aggressive foreign policy

More Reasons for War Economic Imperialistic Protect U.S. interests Expand economic opportunities Imperialistic Some Americans sought to acquire Cuba

War Declared Congress authorizes force Declares Cuba Independent Teller Amendment U.S. must leave Cuba free to its people after the war Spain Declares War April 24, 1898 War Declared

The Philippines Controlled by Spain Commodore George Dewey leads U.S. ships to Philippines Capture Guam (controlled by Spain) Emilio Aguinaldo (Filipino rebel leader) contacted by Dewey to help Outdated Spanish fleet is destroyed and Americans capture Manila

Cuba Blockaded by U.S. Rough Riders Volunteers from the west Theodore Roosevelt 2nd in command Defeat Spain and occupy Puerto Rico

Outcomes Spain Surrenders with the Treaty of Paris U.S. gets Guam and Puerto Rico U.S. pays Spain small fee for the Philippines Cuba to be free Platt Amendment – effectively makes Cuba a U.S. protectorate America’s global prestige skyrockets

Annexation of the Philippines? Naval base Supply depot for ships going to Asia Market for American goods Duty to help “Less Civilized” peoples Anti Annexation Fear of cheap labor competing w/ U.S. would drive down wages Violated American principles of freedom and anti-imperialism

American Imperialism Lesson 2

Reasons for Imperialism Imperialism ~ economic and political domination of a strong nation over a weaker one. Reasons: Raw materials New markets for goods and services Competition with Europe New technology and advancements made it easier

Anti Imperialists Imperialism went against core U.S. beliefs of self governance Territories might undercut wages for American workers Logistics of maintenance cost too much

Hawaii U.S. needed ports for refueling and supplying in the Pacific Pearl Harbor Sugarcane plantations Planters force a constitution limiting the kings’ power Planters suggest American property and citizens may be in danger U.S. sends marines and navy Monarchy of Queen Liliuokalani is ended in 1893 U.S. annexes Hawaii in 1898

Foreign Policies of the Progressive Presidents Lesson 4

Theodore Roosevelt President McKinley assassinated Favored increasing U.S. prestige and military power “Big Stick Diplomacy”: “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Intervened between Latin American countries and European countries ~ Acting as “international police power”

Roosevelt Cont. Large debts of Latin America to Europe worried Americans Roosevelt Corollary: U.S. would intervene in Latin American affairs to maintain economic and political stability in the western hemisphere Addition to the Monroe Doctrine (U.S. would oppose European attempts to colonize the Western Hemisphere) European efforts to colonize the Americas would be viewed as an act of aggression

Panama Canal Believed vital for U.S. prestige & economy Spanish-American War proves military importance Colombia refuses to give control of the land to U.S. U.S. encourages Panama to revolt and sends warships off the coast of Columbia U.S. recognizes Panama’s independence Signs treaty with Panama to build canal Yellow Fever and Malaria kill hundreds

William Taft Wanted less emphasis on military Supporting Latin American Industry would bolster U.S. economy “Dollar” Diplomacy Policy of joining business and diplomatic interests of a country U.S. troops sent to Nicaragua to stabilize gov., there until 1933

Woodrow Wilson Wilson wished to focus on domestic issues Wanted to promote democracy, not imperialism President of Princeton before U.S. President

U.S. Controlled Territories by 1917 The Phillippines Hawaii Guam Samoa Midway The Carribean Puerto Rico The Virgin Islands Cuba The Panama Canal