The Geography of Greece Ch 4 Sec 1

World history timeline http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/civil_n2/hist_0.html

Archaic Greece: 1650 BCE - 700 BCE

Bronze Age Greece

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

Knossos: Minoan Civilization Frescoes -Dophins reflect importance of the sea -worshipped the bull

Minoan Civilization vanished: earthquake or tidal wave? May have been invaders-Mycenaeans

The Mycenaean Civilization Dominated Greek world 1400-1200BC Sea traders who lived in city-states

The Trojan War 1250BC Rivalry between Mycenae and Troy to control straits Legend of Paris and Helen Wooden horse Troy burned

Myths behind the Trojan War http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view?assetGuid=F74E3506-DCF7-4102-B82C-4C2A3728BC21&showBreadcrumbs=true

Homer: The “Heroic Age” Blind poet-sang of heroic deeds Iliad-tells of Trojan War Odyssey-tells of struggles Odysseus has on way home after fall of Troy Reveal values of ancient Greeks

"Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE Ch 4 Sec 2-Rise of Greek City-States "Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE

Geography of Greece Balkan Peninsula Mediterranean Sea Thousands of islands Skilled sailors Traded olive oil, wine, marble for grains and metals Adopted Phoenician alphabet Empire spread from Spain to Egypt Polis:

Forms of Government in Greece Monarchy-hereditary ruler shifted to noble landowners-Aristocracy (hereditary landowning elite Oligarchy-govt power lies with small, wealthy elite

Phalanx Formation of heavily armed foot soldiers-reduced class tensions b/c each city-state is defended by ordinary citizens Led to rise of 2 influential city-states: Athens and Sparta

SPARTA Helot uprising led to strict govt Looked down on trade and wealth Citizens not allowed to travel Very militaristic

Life of Discipline for boys Sick newborns abandoned to die At 7-moved into barracks to learn rigid discipline-encouraged to steal food (to be cunning) At 20-married, but lived in barracks At 30-could serve in assembly girls - exercised to be healthy, could inherit property, ran family estate while men away at war

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

The Acropolis Today Polis=city-state Acropolis had temple to local gods & goddesses Athens’ goddess is Athena

The Parthenon Temple to Athena-Athens

The Agora At base of acropolis-a marketplace where young boys could listen to elders to gain free education

Athens SMALL ARMY- Government monarchy-aristocracy-democracy LIFE IS CENTERED AROUND EDUCATION -private tutors OR -Agora -all studied:

Athens Landowners chose govt officials, served in assembly Ordinary people discontented Moved toward Democracy-govt by the people

Athenian Democracy Govt is direct democracy Council of 500 Jury of 100s or 1000sof men over 30 Ostracism of public officials See page 127, answer questions

Women in Athens No political life Religious roles Managed households Secluded lifestyle Little to no education (boys were educated to read, write, public speaking, encouraged education over military)

Solon Outlawed debt slavery Granted citizenship to some foreigners Gave assembly more say Encouraged export of wine & olive oil (increased demand!)

Unrest leads to tyrants-gain power by force: Pisistratus and Cleisthenes Loans to farmers, made assembly a legislature weakened the that decided on laws (all males Aristocracy were members of assembly)

Mount Olympus Polytheistic Gods lived on Mount Olympus Zeus, Ares, Aphrodite, Athena honored with temples & festivals, athletic competitions***

The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

4-3 Conflict in the Greek World Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: Greek city-states unite against Persia: Ionian city-states rebel against Persian rule-leads to: Marathon (490 BCE) Darius invades Athens for helping with the rebellion 26 miles from Athens Themistocles prepares a fleet for defense Thermopylae (480 BCE) Xerxes sends forces to avenge Marathon 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass are defeated Xerxes burns Athens (but Athenians have a trick) Salamis (480 BCE) Lured Xerxes’ fleet into strait of Salamis and Athenian ships with underwater battering rams sink Persian fleet

Battle of Thermopylae 3 parts to watch-22 min total http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FViLPhmWeLY&feature=bf_prev&list=PL19EF009B2E22CFFA

Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE Rebuilt acropolis Arts flourished-plays, festivals People put to work on building projects Direct democracy

Peloponnesian Wars Greeks resent Athenian domination of city-states 431BC-Athens vs. Sparta (27 yrs) Sparta attacks, Athenian plague Persia helps Sparta Athens is defeated Discuss page 129

Great Athenian Philosophers 4-4 Logic- Sophist- Rhetoric- http://www.hudsonfla.com/10people.htm (World History Makers website)

Great Athenian Philosophers Socrates Socratic method question everything Know thyself! only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.

Great Athenian Philosophers Plato Socrates’ student-distrusted democracy after Socrates’ death The Republic Academy

Great Athenian Philosophers Aristotle Suspicious of democracy=mob rule “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation] The Lyceum Logic, ethics, politics, biology

The Academy 386 BC-Plato founds the Academy in Athens, a place of intellectual learning, which produced some of the most renowned mathematicians and intellectuals, the most notable of which was Aristotle. The Academy was in use until 529 AD, when Pope Justinian I closed it, judging it as a threat to Christianity. Aristotle Plato

The Classical Greek “Ideal” Idealistic style-emphasizes humans in most perfect, graceful form

Athens: The Arts DRAMA –plays honored Dionysus, god of fertility & wine. Tragedies: stirs up then relieves emotions of pity and fear Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides Comedies: mocked people or customs to criticize society Aristophanes

Athens: The Sciences THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

Olympia: Temple to Hera

The 2004 Olympics

Macedonia Under Philip II

"Hellenistic" Greece: 323 BCE - 100 BCE

4-5—NEED TO FINISH!!! Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia

The Hellenization of Asia

Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

Hellenistic Philosophers Cynics  Diogenes ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries. citizens of the world. live a humble, simple life. Epicurians  Epicurus avoid pain & seek pleasure. all excess leads to pain! politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic Philosophers Stoics  Zeno nature is the expansion of divine will. concept of natural law. get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all. true happiness is found in great achievements.

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences Scientists / Mathematicians: Aristarchus  heliocentric theory. Euclid  geometry Archimedes  pulley Hellenistic Art: More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art. Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire