Unit 2: Geographic Influences, Climate and Weather FINAL EXAM REVIEW Unit 2: Geographic Influences, Climate and Weather

17. Draw and label the layers of the earth 17. Draw and label the layers of the earth. Give a characteristic of each layer.

17. Draw and label the layers of the earth 17. Draw and label the layers of the earth. Give a characteristic of each layer.

17. Draw and label the layers of the earth 17. Draw and label the layers of the earth. Give a characteristic of each layer. Inner Core: hottest, solid rock Outer Core: less hot, liquid rock Mantle: thickest part, liquid rock (magma) Crust: thin layer, made up of plates that shift

18. What is continental drift and how does it support the theory of Pangaea?

18. What is continental drift and how does it support the theory of Pangaea? Continental drift is the term which refers to the plates of the earth’s crust that move because of convection currents in the mantle. It is believed that the plates have slowly moved apart, but were once joined together as one huge super-continent called Pangaea.

19. Name 4 indications that support the theory of Pangaea.

19. Name 4 indications that support the theory of Pangaea. The fit of Continental land masses. Similar fossils and rocks on opposite sides of the ocean. Matching rocks on both sides of the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Fossils of sea animals found high in the Himalayan mountains.

19. Name 4 indications that support the theory of Pangaea. The fit of Continental land masses. Similar fossils and rocks on opposite sides of the ocean. Matching rocks on both sides of the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Fossils of sea animals found high in the Himalayan mountains. 20. Name 2 ways that plate tectonics can form mountains.

19. Name 4 indications that support the theory of Pangaea. The fit of Continental land masses. Similar fossils and rocks on opposite sides of the ocean. Matching rocks on both sides of the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Fossils of sea animals found high in the Himalayan mountains. 20. Name 2 ways that plate tectonics can form mountains. Fold mountains- subduction zone (one plate goes under) Fault Block mountains- plate separation and compression

21. Name 2 ways that magma can form mountains.

21. Name 2 ways that magma can form mountains. Dome mountains- magma pushes upward and raises land, but doesn’t break through Volcanoes- magma pushes upward and breaks through the crust

21. Name 2 ways that magma can form mountains. Dome mountains- magma pushes upward and raises land, but doesn’t break through Volcanoes- magma pushes upward and breaks through the crust 22. Name 2 forces that build up the surface of the earth.

21. Name 2 ways that magma can form mountains. Dome mountains- magma pushes upward and raises land, but doesn’t break through Volcanoes- magma pushes upward and breaks through the crust 22. Name 2 forces that build up the surface of the earth. Deposition- depositing of weathered particles by the agents of erosion (wind or water) Mountain building- (see questions 20-21)

23. Name 2 forces that wear down the surface of the earth.

23. Name 2 forces that wear down the surface of the earth. Weathering- gradual breaking down of rock by air, water, animals, plants and frost Erosion- the process by which weathered particles are carried away by water, wind or glaciers

23. Name 2 forces that wear down the surface of the earth. Weathering- gradual breaking down of rock by air, water, animals, plants and frost Erosion- the process by which weathered particles are carried away by water, wind or glaciers 24. Name the 8 landform regions of Canada. (HINT: 3 mountains, 3 lowlands, a shield and a plain)

23. Name 2 forces that wear down the surface of the earth. Weathering- gradual breaking down of rock by air, water, animals, plants and frost Erosion- the process by which weathered particles are carried away by water, wind or glaciers 24. Name the 8 landform regions of Canada. (HINT: 3 mountains, 3 lowlands, a shield and a plain) Appalachian mountains Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands Hudson Bay Lowlands Western Cordillera Innuitian mountains Arctic Lowlands Canadian Shield Interior Plains

25. Tell which basic provinces are in each region, and a characteristic for each region.

25. Tell which basic provinces are in each region, and a characteristic for each region. Appalachian mountains- old, eroded, rounded tops, 1000m, valley deposits= deep, fertile soil, coniferous and deciduous trees (NB, NS, PE, NF) Western Cordillera- young, pointed, 3 mountain ranges, 3000m (AB, BC, YK) Innuitian mountains- far north, rugged peaks, young and pointed, no vegetation, 2000m (NT) Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands- level, fertile plain with brown soil, formed when inland sea receded (QC, ON)

25. Tell which basic provinces are in each region, and a characteristic for each region. Hudson Bay Lowlands- flat, poorly drained, mix of tundra and podzols, swamp forests (ON, MB) Arctic Lowlands- upland plateaus and lowland plains, cold & dry climate, poorly drained soil, lichens and moss (NT) Canadian Shield- oldest rock in Canada, thin, acidic soil called podzols, coniferous forests but not good for agriculture (Central Canada) Interior Plains- inland seas receded, south is semi-desert with cacti, moist, well-drained black earth called chernozem, ideal for growing wheat. (AB, SK, MB)

26. What is the difference between weather and climate?

26. What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather refers to the conditions in a specific place over a short period of time. (in Moncton today, or the weekend) Climate refers to the pattern of weather conditions over a large area, over a long period of time. (in Canada, during winter)

26. What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather refers to the conditions in a specific place over a short period of time. (in Moncton today, or the weekend) Climate refers to the pattern of weather conditions over a large area, over a long period of time. (in Canada, during winter) 27. Name and briefly explain the 7 factors that influence climate (global and regional).

26. What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather refers to the conditions in a specific place over a short period of time. (in Moncton today, or the weekend) Climate refers to the pattern of weather conditions over a large area, over a long period of time. (in Canada, during winter) 27. Name and briefly explain the 7 factors that influence climate (global and regional). Global- Latitude, Air Masses and Winds, Ocean Currents. Clouds and Precipitation Regional- Altitude, Bodies of Water, Mountain Barriers

27. Name and briefly explain the 7 factors that influence climate (global and regional).

27. Name and briefly explain the 7 factors that influence climate (global and regional). Latitude- distance from the equator means less sunlight and heat Air Masses and Winds- Maritime Tropical / Maritime Polar / Continental Arctic / Continental Tropical, move from west to east, jet stream Ocean Currents- move heat and cold around the world, ex. Gulf Stream Clouds and Precipitation- evaporation of bodies of water causes clouds, so there is more rain nearer to bodies of water, dew point= temperature for condensation

27. Name and briefly explain the 7 factors that influence climate (global and regional). Altitude- air temperature drops as altitude increases and air pressure decreases Bodies of Water- do not change temperature as easily as land masses, and so they influence climate (less cold in winter, less hot in summer, more humid) Mountain Barriers- The Westerlies (warm, wet winds off the Pacific Ocean) rise up the Coast Mountains of BC, cooling, and releasing rain, and further up, snow. They warm again as they come down the other side, but are now dry, called Chinook winds.

28. Review climographs (what they are used for, how to make one, how to use one)

28. Review climographs (what they are used for, how to make one, how to use one)

28. Review climographs (what they are used for, how to make one, how to use one)

28. Review climographs (what they are used for, how to make one, how to use one)

28. Review climographs (what they are used for, how to make one, how to use one)