Chapter 14 The Coming of War Section 1 Dictators of War

Section focus Why did totalitarian states rise after World War I, and what did they do?

Bitter Peace Unravels Post WWI = US, FRA, ENG make all decisions Treaty of Versailles Italy and Japan expect more land/territories Totalitarianism Single party or leader controls, economic, social, and cultural lives of its people. (see chart 437) Historians blame destruction and bitterness of WWI and desperation brought about by Great Depression

USSR 1917 communist Revolution = Vlad Lenin 1924 Joseph Stalin replaces Lenin Stain translates to “Man of Steel” in Russia “suspicious, cruel, ruthless, tyrannical” Communist Idealism causes 10 MILLION Deaths!! State run farms lead to famine Imprisoned 1 MILLION political enemies Most leading Army officials Fear+Propaganda = Stalin Power

Fascism fas·cism noun \fa-shi-zəm Definition of FASCISM often capitalized : a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition

Italy Totalitarianism in Italy direct result of WWI/treaties Italy on winning side Doesn’t get land it wanted Depression = high unemployment = communist movement growing Benito Mussolini Fascism Opposes democracy and communism Controls Press, military, secret police Promises to make Italy great again

Mussolini Youth Mussolini/Fascist very involved in youth culture

Germany Weimar Republic German attempt at democratic government post WWI Hyperinflation Anger of harsh treatment over Treaty of Versailles Great Depression makes problems in Germany worse Right wing Nationalist Socialist Party rises (NAZI) Not socialist or communist Promotes German ethnic solidarity

Hyper Inflation

Hyper Inflation

Hyper Inflation

Rise of Hitler Bio “Mein Kampf” – “My struggle” book Austrian WWI soldier (injured) Joins NAZI party “Mein Kampf” – “My struggle” book Lays out Germany’s problems Believes biggest problem = Jews (violently anti-Semitic) Presents blueprint for world domination National Best Seller

Rise of Hitler Nazi party gaining power in 1933 Weimar Republic recognizes power and appoints Hitler “Chancellor of Germany” Hitler takes advantage of economy, unemployment, homelessness, and hunger 1935 Hitler consolidates power Makes himself President and Chancellor Become singular voice of Germany Massive pubic works and military spending get Germany out of Depression

Japan Great Depression ends social gains n Japan in 1930’s. Military leaders argue Japanese expansion will end economic woes Constitutional Monarchy NO Stalin, Mussolini, or Hitler figure emerges Invade China

Dictators turn to Aggression Japan invades Chins Rape of Nanjing Weakness of League of Nations USA never joins Has no authority 1935 Mussoilini (Italy) invades Ethiopia Haile Selassie appeals to League of Nations No help

Hitler/German Aggression 1933-1936 Hitler rebuild economy Enlarges Armed Forces Violation of Treaty of Versailles Lebensraum Hitler believes that German race needs more “living space” Wants to reunify all German speaking peoples Sends troops to Rhineland League of Nations does nothing

Fascist Revolt in Spain 1936-1939 Mussolini + Hitler send troops to Spain France, England, US stay on sidelines

Appeasement Granting concession to potential enemy to keep the peace. France/ Britain use strategy Appeasement makes dictators more bold and aggressive WWI is origin of strategy US to busy being depressed to care about Euros

Anschluss/ Munich Pact 1938 Hitler brings Austria in his Reich Austria has no choice but except invite Munich Pact Britain and France appease Hitler give him Sudetenland Avoids war for 11 months

Section Focus Why did totalitarian states rise after World War I, and what did they do? Weak democratic governments were not able to ease the severe economic problems caused by the great depression, and people turned to stronger types of governments that promised relief.