George Washington’s Presidency The first president of the United States of America

We have the final say bruh Judiciary Act of 1789 Significance: created a Supreme Court Decisions made by state courts could be appealed to Federal courts if a constitutional issue was raised “Supreme Law of the Land”

Executive Departments President Washington decided he needed help enforcing and carrying out laws Created 3 executive departments The heads of each department became known as the President’s Cabinet, or advisors to the president Executive Department Department Description Department Head Department of State Handled all foreign affairs Thomas Jefferson Department of War Handled all military matters Henry Knox Department of the Treasury Handled all money and finance Alexander Hamilton

Today’s Executive Departments Department of Transportation Department of Energy Department of Education Department of Veterans Affairs Department of Homeland Security White House Chief of Staff Environmental Protection Agency Office of Management & Budget United States Trade Rep. United States Mission to the UN Council of Economic Advisers Small Business Administration Department of State Department of the Treasury Department of Defense Department of Justice Department of the Interior Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Labor Department of Health and Human Services Department of Housing and Urban Development

Trouble Within the Cabinet Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Fed or Anti-Fed? Federalist Anti-Federalist Ideal Size/Strength of government? Strong central government Small, weak central government How should federal money be spent and what kinds of industry should support the U.S.? Trade and industry (common in Northern States) Agrarian (agriculture) (common in southern and western states)

Strict Interpretation vs. Loose interpretation of the Constitution The Federal government can only do what the Constitution specifically says it has the power to do The “elastic clause” says that the Federal government has the authority to do whatever is “necessary and proper” to carry out the powers stated in the Constitution Anti- Federalist Federalist Stretchy! Not Stretchy!

G. Wash The Bank of the U.S. Hamilton Jefferson (Federalist) Can you guys stop fighting? BTW I want the bank so it’s happening The Constitution does not say the government can create a bank. The federal government should establish a national bank. The Federal government has the power to tax and needs somewhere to keep those taxes G. Wash Hamilton (Federalist) Jefferson (Anti-Fed)

Two Political Parties Emerge Agricultural Economy Economy based on industry and commerce Supported by farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South Weak National Government Strong Central Government Supported by bankers and commercial businesses in the North Jefferson (Democratic- Republican)

Quick Review: Shay’s Rebellion Farmers were losing their farms because they faced high taxes The farmers rebelled The federal government under the Articles of Confederation couldn’t do anything to stop the rebellion because they had no power This showed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation!!

The Whiskey Rebellion The Federal government started taxing the production and manufacture of whiskey This made Whiskey more expensive and people started buying less. Whiskey manufacturers were furious and started a rebellion The Federal government under the Constitution was able to use it’s military to stop the rebellion before anyone was even killed This showed the power of the federal government under the Constitution!!

The French Revolution Affects the States Based on the same ideals of the American Revolution The French had helped the Americans during their revolution so they expected the U.S. to return the favor The Americans and French had also signed an alliance treaty (a promise of friendship) so they definitely thought the Americans would help We need your help in our revolution! We helped you so you owe us! We have an alliance so you have to help!

Washington Opts for Neutrality Sorry fam. We gotta stay neutral cause we’re still too new President Washington knew the nation was still too new and too weak to fight a war He declared that the USA would stay neutral and not pick sides in the French Revolution Not cool

$$$ $$$ Pinckney’s Treaty Treaty with Spain Gave the U.S. use of the Mississippi River and port of New Orleans $$$

Treaty with Great Britain Jay’s Treaty Treaty with Great Britain British agreed to leave their forts in the U.S. but could continue trading fur

Washington’s Farewell Address Don’t make permanent alliances with other countries Avoid political parties because they destroy national unity