Invitation to Public Speaking, Fourth Edition By Cindy L. Griffin Chapter 8: Organizing and Outlining your Speech

Organize for Clarity Organization: the systematic arrangement of ideas into a coherent whole, makes speeches listenable

Main Points Identify main points Use an appropriate number of main points Order main points

Ordering Main Points Chronological Spatial Causal Problem-Solution Topical

Tips for Preparing Main Points Keep each main point separate and distinct Word your main points consistently Devote the appropriate coverage to each main point

Ineffective and Effective Main Points Ineffective main points Effective main points 1. Drivers need to know who has the right of way, and a stop sign tells us that. 1. Stop signs assign the right of way to vehicles using an intersection. 2. Stop signs slow down drivers who are traveling at unsafe speeds. 2. Stop signs reduce the problem of speeding in certain areas. 3. Sometimes, pedestrians need protections from vehicles, and stop signs give them that protection 3. Stop signs protect pedestrians in busy intersections of near schools.

Tips for Preparing Main Points Connectives: words and phrases we use to link ideas in a speech Transitions: phrases that indicate you are finished with one idea and are moving on to a new one

Tips for Preparing Main Points Internal summary: a statement in the body of speech that summarizes a point already discussed Signpost: a simple word or statement that highlights an important idea or that indicates your location within your speech

The Preparation Outline Main points Subpoints Connectives Conclusion Source citations Outline that includes: Title Specific purpose Thesis statement Introduction

Tips for the Preparation Outline Use complete sentences Label the introduction, body, conclusion, and connectives Use a consistent pattern of symbols and indentation

Preparation Outline

Tips for the Preparation Outline Divide points into at least two sub-points Check for balance

Main Points

The Speaking Outline Speaking outline (speaking notes): a condensed form of the preparation outline that is used as a memory aid when speaking

Tips for the Speaking Outline Use keywords and phrases Write clearly and legibly Add cues for delivery

Note Cards Use keywords and phrases on no more than six lines per note card Write clearly and legibly • Use only one side of the card Number each card Put cues for delivery Try not to gesture with them

Sample Note Cards

Speech Introduction Listen to Brandi’s speech introduction. Try to outline her introduction according to the guidelines discussed in Chapter 8. Click image above in slideshow mode to play movie