The Linnaean System of Classification

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Presentation transcript:

The Linnaean System of Classification Grouped organisms by physical characteristics in nested hierarchies Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Binomial Nomenclature Two names Genus and species Better than a common name because it is always specific to a single species Ex: Homo sapiens Homo neaderthalensis Gorilla gorilla gorilla Bufo Bufo

How biologist classify living things Physical characteristics – color, size, shape Genetic similarities and differences - DNA Fossil records of ancestors Embryological developement Goal: Classification mirrors evolutionary relationships

Annelids – Segmented Worms Scientists used to think this was their closest relative Genetics and Embryology show this is their closest relative Arthropods Flatworms

Biological Classification Domain - 3 Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species - 2 million described, 5-20 million estimated The scientific name of a species is always its genus and species in italics Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup Dumb Kids Play Chicken On Freeway, Get Smushed

History of Kingdoms 1753 - Linnaeaus – two kingdoms: Animalia and Plantae 1866 – Animalia, Plantae, Protista 1938 - Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Monera 1959 - Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Monera, Fungi 1977 - Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Monera, Fungi, Archaea

Three Domains Bacteria – no nucleus Archaea – no nucleus, different cell walls Eukarya – cells have a nucleus Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista

Classification of Humans Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Homo sapiens

P.O.D. – Are we as Eukaryotes more related to Bacteria or Archaea?