Classification of Animals origin of life david attenbourogh

Zoology Zoology: The study of how animals function, live, reproduce and interact

Taxonomy Taxonomy: The science of classification SciShow Taxonomy

Aristotle The first person to classify organisms based on their physical similarities We used this system from 400 BC until 1600 AD Plants: put into groups based on their size Herbs, shrubs, trees Animals: put into groups based on where they live Land, water, air

Linnaeus 1707-1778 “Father of Taxonomy” Swedish scientist who classified plants and animals according to morphology Designed binomial nomenclature Morphology: the study of form, function and structure of organisms

Charles Darwin 1809-1882 “father of evolution” Published evidence for evolution which explained how animals have appeared and developed over time Also explained how animals are related to each other Evolution: changes in the genetic make up of organisms over time

DNA Recent DNA evidence shows us how closely related organisms are The more DNA organisms share, the more closely related they are

Linnaean Classification System Linnaean Classification System: The system we use today to classify organisms

Order Class Family Phylum Genus Kingdom Species

Why scientific names? Common names can be confusing Bony fish are fish like a bass, trout or carp Which of the following are true bony fish? starfish crayfish silverfish jellyfish shellfish goldfish

Bony Fish???

Different common names for the same organism? England: Lady bird US: Lady bug Even within the same country there can be confusion…… “Mountain lion, puma, cougar, panther”

Binomial Nomenclature Binomial Nomenclature: A universal system of naming organisms that uses only the genus and species name of the organism

Why use Scientific Names? 1. Avoids the confusion across languages 2. Tells us something about the organism

Rules of Naming 1. The genus is always written first and is capitalized 2. The species is always written second and is never capitalized 3. Italicize both if typing and underline both if handwriting

Examples Homo sapiens - Humans Canis familiaris - dog Canis lupus - wolf Felis catus – domesticated cat

Kingdom………….. Animalia: organisms that move on their own and ingest other organisms Phylum……….…….Chordata: have a notochord, gills and a tail during development Class…………….....Mammalia: have 3 middle ear bones, hair, produce milk, bear live young Order……………....Carnivora: have teeth designed to chew meat Family…………..….Canidae: share characteristics such as skull shape and number of teeth Genus………….….Canis: includes dogs, wolves, coyotes, and jackals Species……….…...familiaris: domesticated dog