Body Systems Health Science 1

Body Systems ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body PHYSIOLOGY – function of the body ANATOMICAL POSITION – standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward

Tissue TISSUES – cells grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function EPITHELIAL TISSUE – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces, and produces secretions ex: skin, 3 types squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Tissue Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

Tissue CONNECTIVE TISSUE – supports and connects organs and tissue Adipose: stores fat cells Cartilage: firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton Tendons: attaching skeletal muscle to bone Ligaments: hold bones firmly together at the joints

Tissue MUSCLE TISSUE – has ability to contract and move body Cardiac involuntary; contracts the heart Skeletal Voluntary; attached to the skeleton Smooth involuntary; provides movement in various body systems NERVOUS TISSUE – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse neuron

Tissue Cardiac Skeletal Smooth Neuron

Summarize Describe to your partner what muscle and epithelial tissues are Switch Describe to your partner what connective and nervous tissues are

Membranes MEMBRANES – formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid MUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities PARIETAL MEMBRANES-the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the

Membranes VISCERAL MEMBRANE - the part that covers the organs is the PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs

SUMMARIZE Define 4 of 7 membranes to your partner Switch Define the remaining membranes to your partner

Structural organization ORGANELLES – cell structure which helps a cell to function ORGANS – tissues which form larger functioning and structural units ORGAN SYSTEMS – groups of organs that act together to perform a specific related function ORGANISM – anything capable of carrying on life

Organ systems Integumentary = system which regulates body temperature, eliminates waste, synthesized Vitamin D, has temperature, pressure, and pain receptors Skeletal = system which gives shape to the body, protects, helps form blood and stores minerals Muscular = system which determines posture, produces heat, and provides movement Digestive = system that prepares food for absorption and use by body cells through modification of physical and chemical stress

Organ systems Respiratory = system that acquires oxygen and rids body of carbon dioxide Urinary / Excretory = system which removes waste of metabolism from the body Circulatory = system which circulates blood throughout body Excretory= system responsible for waste removal Nervous = system that communicates, controls, and coordinates body activities Endocrine = system that manufactures hormones Reproductive = system that reproduces human beings

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Circulatory System Click here to hear heartbeat

Lymphatic System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Integumentary System

Nervous System

Sensory System The Skin The Tongue

Urinary System

Endocrine System

Reproductive System Male Female

Anatomic Position and Direction ANTERIOR or VENTRAL – front or in front of POSTERIOR or DORSAL – back or in back of CRANIAL – refers to the head of the body CAUDAL – means tail end SUPERIOR – upper or above something INFERIOR – lower or below something

Anatomic Position and Direction MEDIAL – toward the middle LATERAL – toward the side of body PROXIMAL – toward the point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body DISTAL – away from the point of attachment to the body SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near the surface or outside the body DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body

Summarize Turn to partner and explain what terms mean the top, bottom, front and back of body Switch Tell partner what terms mean middle, side, inside and outside

Body Planes and Sections PLANES – imaginary anatomical dividing planes SECTION – cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body into right and left parts CORONAL (FRONTAL) PLANE – vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions TRANSVERSE PLANE – cross-section, a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts

Cavities of the Body DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and spinal cord CRANIAL CAVITY- the brain SPINAL CAVITY - the spinal cord ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains the THORACIC and ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart ABDOMINAL CAVITY contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas PELVIC CAVITY contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Summarize Take turns with your partner and explain what each body cavity is When explaining tell some of the major organs in that cavity

Abdominal Quadrants

Abdominal Regions

Summarize Explain to your partner what the quadrants are and how they are defined Switch Explain to your partner what the regions are and how they are define