Lesson 17 Future and Perfect of “sum” Translating infinitives Latin I Spring 2015

Review of “SUM” “Sum” is the “to be” verb. We’ve already learned the present, imperfect, and future tenses of “sum”…

Present Tense: SUM text p. 109 Singular Plural sum I am sumus we are es you are estis y’all are est he/she/ it is sunt they are These are stand-alone words, not endings.

Imperfect Tense: ERAM text p. 181 Singular Plural eram I was eramus we were eras you were eratis y’all were erat he/she/ it was erant they were These are stand-alone words, not endings.

Future Tense of “Sum”: ERO text p. 127 (1st chart) Singular Plural ero I will be erimus we will be eris you will be eritis y’all will be erit he/she/ it will be erunt they will be These are stand-alone words, not endings.

Perfect Tense of “SUM” Like most other verbs, “sum” also has a perfect tense Remember your perfect tense chart…?

Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. sum esse fui futurus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. fui - i = fu-

Perfect Tense of “Sum”: FUI text p. 127 (2nd chart) Singular Plural fui I have been,was fuimus we have been, were fuisti you have been, were fuistis y’all have been, were fuit he/she/ it has been, was fuerunt they have been, were sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be Drop the “i” and add the perfect endings like we learned for other verbs.

“FUI” in action! Nauta fui. Fuit servus. etc. I have been (was) a sailor. He has been (was) a slave.

Things to Take Away With You… The verb “to be” has future and perfect tenses. Future tense: “ero” (already learned in class) Perfect tense: “fui” (uses perfect tense endings already learned in class) Learn both charts!

Perfect Tense of “Sum”: FUI text p. 127 (2nd chart) Singular Plural fui I have been,was fuimus we have been, were fuisti you have been, were fuistis y’all have been, were fuit he/she/ it has been, was fuerunt they have been, were sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be Drop the “i” and add the perfect endings like we learned for other verbs.

Let’s Practice Forms of “Sum”  FILIUS: Fuistisne, Marce et Anna, semper servi? MARCUS: Liber fui in patriā meā. In terrā tuā, servus sum. ANNA: Fuimus magistri in patriā nostrā. Nunc, tuam familiam docemus. DOMINUS: Servi, laboravistis multum in familiā meā. Nunc, servi non estis. Nunc liberi estis.

Infinitives p. 128 text An infinitive is a verb with the word “to” in front of it to carry, to tell, to love, to hurry… Remember: “TO infinity (-ive)…” 

Using Infinitives In Latin, infinitives are the 2nd principal part of the verb. Infinitives end in –re. amo, amare: to love porto, portare: to carry doceo, docere: to teach

Using Infinitives Infinitives can be used as subjects. Docere est gratum. To teach is pleasing. Habere amicos est bonum. To have friends is good. (It’s good to have friends.)

Using Infinitives Infinitives can be used as objects. Puella pupas portare amat. The girl likes to carry dolls. Cibum parare debet. He ought to prepare food.

Things to Take Away With You… Infinitives are translated “to (verb)” Infinitives are the 2nd part of a Latin verb. Latin infinitives are recognized by their –re ending.

Time To Practice Infinitives! Habere pecuniam amo. Laudare discipulos debeo. Bonum est habere amicos. Aquam portare debemus. Puer reginae equum monstrare maturavit. I like to have money. I ought to praise the students. It is good to have friends. We ought to carry water. The boy hurried to show the horse to the queen.