Biology Lesson on Cells By Jenean Garcia

Introduction What is a cell? This cell is not a prisoner’s room or a short word for cellular phone. It is the basic unit of organisms or living matter. In this lesson, you will learn about the different types of cells and their structures and functions.

Types of Cells There are two types of cells, the prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell. The prokaryotic cell is the simplest kind of cell and it’s everywhere you can think of like in the soil, air, water, and in or on living organisms. The eukaryotic cell is more complex. Plants and animal cells make up eukaryotic cells. In a cell, they contain organelles and a nucleus. You will learn what the organelles are and what they do in the cell.

Animal Cell: Structures and Functions

A. Nucleus the control center of the cell. It has chromatins and a nucleolus. Contains most of cell’s genetic information in DNA. B. Chromatins store DNA. C. Nucleolus makes RNA. D. Endoplasmic Reticulum highway like, compartment where lipids are made. rough ER- has ribosomes, smooth ER- lack ribosomes. Plays a central role in biosynthesis reactions.

E. Ribosomes makes proteins. F. Golgi Complex packages materials for export from cells. Flattened sacs. G. Lysosomes controls digestive enzyme to get rid of waste. H. Vacuoles storage for food and water. I. Mitochondria changes food into energy.

J. Cytoskeleton provides structure and shape for the cell. K. Cytoplasm toothpaste like substance in cell but not in nucleus. L. Cell Membrane controls material in and out of cell. M. Centrioles forms organization of microtubules while animal cell is dividing.

Cell Quiz Please take out a piece of paper and pen/cil. Please draw an animal cell. 1. Label and draw the following structures/organelles - cell membrane - mitochondria - nucleus - centrioles - chromatins - cytoplasm - nucleolus - vacuoles - ER - golgi apparatus - ribosomes - lysosomes

2. Write the functions of the organelles above. 3. There are two kinds of ER. Name them. 4. What contains most of cell’s genetic information in DNA? 5. What plays a central role in biosynthesis reactions? 6. What is golgi apparatus made out of? 7. What is a cell? 8. What are the two basic types of cells? 9. Which one’s more complex?

Answer sheet 2. cell membrane- controls material in and out of cell nucleus- the control center of the cell. It has chromatins and a nucleolus chromatins- store DNA nucleolus- makes RNA ER- highway like, compartment where lipids are made Ribosomes- makes proteins Mitochondria- changes food into energy centrioles- forms organization of microtubules while animal cell is dividing

Cytoplasm- toothpaste like substance in cell but not in nucleus vacuoles- storage for food and water golgi apparatus- packages material for export from cells lysosomes- controls digestive enzyme to get rid of waste 3. Rough and smooth. 4. Nucleus 5. ER 6. Flattened sacs 7. Basic unit of life 8. Prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell 9. Eukaryotic cell