Taxonomy 6.L.4A.2.

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Presentation transcript:

Taxonomy 6.L.4A.2

Taxonomy Biologists have devised ways of naming and classifying them according to similarities in their structures. The study of how scientists classify organisms is known as taxonomy. The modern classification system uses a series of levels to group organisms. An organism is placed into a broad group and is then placed into more specific groups based on its structures.

Taxonomy

Taxonomy The levels of classification, from broadest to most specific, include: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The more classification levels an organism shares with another, the more characteristics they have in common.

Kingdom While scientists currently disagree as to how many kingdoms there are, many support a five kingdom system Plants Animals Fungi Protists Monerans Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on their ability to make food and the number of cells in their body.

Phylum (pl. phyla) The first major division for each kingdom In the Plant Kingdom, phyla are sometimes referred to as divisions. Plants are normally divided into two groups: vascular and nonvascular. In the Animal Kingdom, there are 35 different phyla. These phyla can be divided into two groups: vertebrates and invertebrates.

Class, order and family These levels become even more specific and will include fewer organisms that have more in common with each other as they move down the levels.

Genus (pl. genera) Contains closely related organisms. The genus is used as the first word in an organism’s scientific name.

species Consists of all the organisms of the same type which are able to breed and produce young of the same kind. The species is used as the second word in an organism’s scientific name.

Taxonomy

Scientific name The scientific name of an organism is made up of its genus and species. It is written in italics (Genus species) with the genus capitalized. For example: Canis lupus is the scientific name for the wolf Pinus taeda is the scientific name for a loblolly pine.

Characteristics of kingdom Protista Protists are mostly single celled organisms (unicellular) but some protists are multicellular. Protists cells are eukaryotic (have nuclei). Some protists are animal-like (heterotrophs - need to eat other organisms) and some are plant-like (autotrophs - use sunlight to produce food).

Characteristics of kingdom Plantae All plants are made of many eukaryotic cells. Plants are autotrophs - they use sunlight to make their food

Characteristics of kingdom Fungi Almost all fungi are multicellular organisms. Fungi cells have nuclei (eukaryotic). Fungi do not move to get food, but they do need to absorb nutrients from other organisms (either living or dead).

Characteristics of kingdom Animalia Animals are multi-cellular organisms. Animal cells have nuclei (eukaryotic). Almost all animals move to get food. Animals are heterotrophs - they eat other organisms to get energy