Do Now (Doc 1): 1. What year is this map depicting? 2. How many European countries have colonies in this area? 3. What European country has the most colonies?
What do you know about America before Columbus got here?
Time Period: 33,000 BCE – 1769 CE
Start with 6 minutes left!
The Shaping of North America Earth= billions of years old Written history= 6,000 years old European colonization in “new world”= 500 years old
Pangaea (225 million years old)
Over millions of year . . . Continental drift moves continents apart Shifting and folding of earth’s crust creates landforms
Such as . . .
2 million years ago . . .
=
Peopling the Americas During the Ice Age, sea levels dropped
People cross bridge Ice Age ends, ice melts (about 10,000 years ago) Sea levels rise People cut off from each other
By 1492, approximately 54 million people inhabited North and South America!
3 major south American societies Incas (Peru) Aztecs (Mexico) Mayans (Central America)
Aztecs, Incas, Mayans Agriculturally advanced (maize) Complex cultures/societies Mathematics, astrology, fierce warriors No draft animals
Revolutionary!
Pair-Share Why is corn revolutionary?
Cultivation of maize (corn): Transforms ancient societies from: Small, nomadic, hunter-gatherer groups to: Large, settled, organized agricultural villages
An aside . . . The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice Some estimates suggests about 5,000 people per year were ritually slaughtered
But . . . Between 1530 and 1630, England executed 75,000 people
Maize Reached different societies in North America at different times Southwest: around 2000 BCE
Pueblos
FYI Pueblo means village in Spanish and actually refers to a variety of Southwestern cultural groups
South vs. North American societies Impermanent settlements vs. large nation-states This difference will affect how easily Europeans can take over
Exceptions: Cahokia- (near present-day St. Louis) was once home to about 25,000 people Chaco Canyon (modern day New Mexico) Both fell into decline by about 1300 CE
About 1000 CE Three-sisters farming
Why is this important?
Nutrient Rich diet produced: High population density in the North: Creek Choctaw Cherokee
Iroquois Confederacy Leader: Hiawatha Read: pages 36 and 37
Women in Native American societies: In most settled agricultural groups: Women tended crops while men hunted and fished and gathered fuel Women had substantial societal authority Matrilineal societies
Native Americans and Nature Europeans vs. Native American views Neither desire or means Did have an effect
Exit Ticket Look at the map on pg. 9 of Pageant book Questions: Are you surprised at the number of tribes on the map? How do you think the variety of tribes/cultures will impact European colonization of North America?