Do Now: What is a solution? Hint: a cup of Kool- Aid is a solution. Solution- are uniform mixtures of two or more substances.

Definitions Solute- is the substance that is dissolved. For ex. sugar Solvent- is the substances that dissolves the solute. For ex. water

There are two substances in kool- aid (water and kool-aid) which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Three Types of Solution Isotonic solution- (Iso= equal) there is the same concentration of solutes outside the cell equals the concentration of solutes inside Hypertonic solution- (Hyper= A lot) the concentration of solutes outside a cell is greater than the concentration inside. Hypotonic solution- (hypo=little) the concentration of solutes outside a cell is less that the concentration inside.

Lets draw a cell in a Isotonic solution!

Lets draw a cell in a Hypertonic solution!

Lets draw a cell in a Hypotonic solution!

Solutions = Sugar

What did the movement of water do to each egg? Corn syrup Water Corn syrup Water

What is the name of the process that causes water to move from a high concentration to a low concentration? Osmosis

Osmosis Is the movement of water from high concentration to a lower concentration.

What is diffusion? When any substance EXCEPT WATER moves from a high concentration to a low concentration!

Example of diffusion Beaker of water and a drop of food coloring Spraying body spray

Diffusion

Recall Diffusion- is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis- the diffusion of water from high concentration to a low concentration.

Which cup has more water?

*Water always moves to the hypertonic solution *****Ways to remember *Water always moves to the hypertonic solution

DO NOW – Write the question! Placing wilted lettuce in cold water will make it crisp again. Which statement best describes what happens to restore the lettuce to its original condition? a. Water left the lettuce cells by diffusion. b. Water entered the cells of the lettuce by osmosis. c. Osmosis caused salts to enter the lettuce cells. d. Salts in the leaf caused water to leave the cells.

Do Now 12/3/14 Predict what will happen to the raisin in a beaker of water and the raisin in the beaker with salt water?

Concentration Gradient- when molecules go from a high concentration to a low concentration to reach equilibrium.

Blue Text book Page 222-224 Read Essay “Molecular Movement” One Sentence Summary for each paragraph

Does a hypertonic solution have more water than a hypotonic solution? Do Now 12/4/14 Does a hypertonic solution have more water than a hypotonic solution?

Which statement describes the relationship between the animal cell and the contents of the beaker?   A. There is a higher concentration of water inside the cell than outside the cell. B. There is a higher concentration of sugar inside the cell than outside the cell. C. There is an equal concentration of water inside the cell as outside the cell. D. There is an equal concentration of sugar inside the cell as outside the cell.

The diagram below shows an animal cell in a beaker containing a solution of sugar and water. The cell membrane is permeable only to water.

Define these words using page 220-221 1.Lipid Bilayer 2. Proteins 3. Receptors 4.Ions

What molecules can easily go through the lipid bilayer, by passing through the phospholipids ? Water, non polar molecules (no charge), and very small molecules can pass .

What molecules can go through the lipid bilayer, by using a protein? ions, glucose, large molecules, and polar (charged) molecules use a protein channel Hormones bind to a protein receptor to send a message

Blue Biology Text book Page 220- 221(Read “ Membranes”) 1. What can pass through the bilayer with ease? 2. Why can’t glucose and other sugars pass through the membrane? 3. Can ions pass through the membrane? 4. What do hormones do once they bind to a receptor?

DO Now 12/15/14 What is diffusion? Provide an example

Phospholipid Polar molecules have a charge

Cell membrane

What is a eukaryotic cell? Provide an example Do now 12/17/14 What is a eukaryotic cell? Provide an example

A cell that contains organelles. Ex. Animal and plant cells Eukaryotic cell A cell that contains organelles. Ex. Animal and plant cells

Why is the cell membrane called a lipid bilayer? Do Now Why is the cell membrane called a lipid bilayer?

Passive Transport (Passive diffusion) When no energy is needed to pass the cell membrane

What does facilitated mean?

Passive transport by protein Still no energy is required Aided by transport protein when some molecules are too big

Active Transport

Green text book Page 206 (1-4) Read pages 201-206 to help you answer the questions

Exit slip How is a dam and a well pump similar to a plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane of a cell can act as both a dam and a pump as it regulates the traffic of ions and molecules into and out of the cell. Dam- open and closes Pump- someone must physically move the handle that draws the water up up against gravity.

Enzymes Enzymes are catalysts which speed up the rate of the reaction but do not become part of the product(s) Most enzymes are proteins Enzymes bind temporarily to one or more of the reactants of the reaction they catalyze. In doing so, they lower the amount of activation energy needed and thus speed up the reaction.

Acid/Base & pH Dissociation of water into a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion Acid: increases the hydrogen concentration of a solution Base: reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution pH: “power of hydrogen” Buffers: substances that minimize H+ and OH- concentrations (accepts or donates H+ ions)

Enzymes A substrate (reactant) molecule binds to its enzyme like a key in a lock.

Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity Enzyme Concentration Substrate Concentration Temperature pH Inhibitors

Macromolecules Large organic compounds that are essential to life Proteins: Serve many functions; include enzymes Nucleic Acids: Direct protein production; include DNA and RNA Carbohydrates: Provide energy and structure; include sugars, starch, and cellulose Lipids: Not soluble in water; many functions; include fats, waxes, and hormones

Lesson 3.1 Matter and the Environment Acids, Bases, and pH The separation of water molecules into ions causes solutions to be acidic, basic, or neutral. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is. pH of 7—Neutral: Equal concentrations of H+ and OH- pH below 7—Acidic: Relatively high concentration of H+ pH above 7—Basic: Relatively high concentration of OH-