Measuring Living Standards Economic Development Quality of Life Poverty Push and Pull Factors

Levels of economic development are hard to measure Developed World has accounting systems that can determine levels of industrialization, value of services, and exports and imports Developing World it is hard to know what to measure as many people work on a trade and barter system and goods are often used rather than currency Not included in accounting systems

Quality of Life Part of measuring standards of living Quality of Life includes Health Levels of nutrition Literacy rate Status of women and children QOL is greatly impacted by repressive regimes, lack of economic freedom, and denial of freedom of expression

Poverty Gap Canada Developing nation Has access to government programs that provide a safety net of services such as health care and education. Able to access food banks Low income housing Very poor urban family is likely to live in a dwelling made from scrap metals with no electricity, running water, sanitation, or access o safe water Getting water and basic supplies may take women hours each day

Various factors can push people to leave rural land and pull people to the cities with a chance at new opportunities Push Factors Pull Factors Underemployment Ethnic or religious tensions Drought/Flood Lack of resources Environmental impacts such as deforestation Requisition of land Labour opportunities Medical/Social provisions Greater access to food and resources Social networks

Urban Living: Not What it Seems Many migrants find themselves living in the growing slums of major cities Become worse off than before Still facing issues of the rural population No access to education and employment High mortality Malnutrition