Exploration: Motives and Means

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Presentation transcript:

Exploration: Motives and Means

I. Intro Changed the balance of power as well as the European intellectual universe Mediterranean/Baltic Seas as center => Atlantic seaboard Land connection with Asia => naval power Universal Church => whole hemisphere of people never heard of Christ

II. Motives God, gold, and glory: not mutually exclusive! Spices of Asia (bypass Venetians, Ottomans) Overland route (Spice Road) no longer profitable in 15C Dull Euro diet needs pepper and cloves Renaissance (secular) mentality

III. Means Technological innovations $ from banking Caravel and Galleon Magnetic Compass Astrolabe and quadrant Mapmaking $ from banking Bankers saw lucrative investment Successful voyages =40x initial cost)

IV. Spanish Exp. Columbus Observed how easily enslaved natives were… Ferdinand and Isabella Crew thinks crazy (world too big…) Upon arrival: thinks he’s in Japan Observed how easily enslaved natives were…

Spanish Expl. (cont.) Conquistadores Hernan Cortes: Aztecs 1521 discovery of New World right on heels of Spanish reconquesta (Castilians) Religious zeal + desire for gold Hernan Cortes: Aztecs 1521 Pizarro: Incas 1532

Spanish Expl. (cont.) Spain’s power: Gunpowder/horse advantage New Spain empire, slavery Unintentional: disease spreads ahead of conquerors

V. Reactions Valladolid debate Sepulveda- Only Christians can have legit government Bartolome de Las Casas- Indians have rational government, not just war! Disease exchange, wipes out great deal of indigenous peoples