Age of Absolutism 16th-17th Centuries

Characteristics King or Queen has complete control over government & the people Monarchs based their claim on Divine Right ***Authority comes from God ***Similar to “Mandate of Heaven” But… What is a key difference between divine right and the mandate of heaven?

Monarchs are “Above the Law” No power checks High taxes Many Wars

Causes The Church in decline Feudalism in decline Nations on the rise Exploration

Effects Declining Power of Nobility Theocracies Bureaucracies Building Projects

Spain The Hapsburgs 1556 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V divides empire Brother, Ferdinand I, rules Holy Roman Empire Son, Phillip II, rules Spain, Netherlands, & Italy

Philip II (1556-1598) Video Promoted “Golden age of Spain” Wealth from colonies helped buildup military Defender of the Catholic Faith 1588-Spanish Armada defeated by England (Elizabeth I) “A Protestant Wind” 1600’s Spain’s power declines Video

Pair-Share Even Partner: Describe characteristics of Absolutism. Odd Partner: How did England become a world “superpower” in 1588?

France The Bourbon Monarchy Henry IV increases power of Govt. & decreases power of nobility Louis the XIII strengthens & builds up military Cardinal Richelieu weakens nobles & Huguenots

Louis XIV Known as “The Sun King” Ruled for 72 years Built the strongest army in Europe Never called the Estates General Persecuted the Huguenots Built the Palace at Versailles Video

Russia 1480 Ivan III drive Mongols out Early Tsars Ivan III & Ivan IV (Terrible) used harsh methods to unify Russia & strengthen Monarchy 1613 Michael Romanov begins Romanov Dynasty

Peter the Great Grand Embassy tour Toured Europe learning new technologies Westernization/Modernization Introduced western ideas: laws, technology, culture

Built largest army in Europe Won territory along the Baltic Sea St. Petersburg becomes “Window to the West” Major trading port & new capital

Centralized power Reduced power of the nobility Brought Orthodox Church under his control video

Answer on your whiteboard: 1. Who was the “Sun King?” 2. How did he control the Nobles? 3. How did Tsar Peter the Great “Westernize” Russia? 4. What modern city did Peter the Great have built?

Round-Robin Begin with person 1, then 2, 3, & 4. Each person answers one of the questions aloud.

Absolutism in England? Remember: 1215 King John forced to sign Magna Carta Limited King’s powers 1295 Edward I established Model Parliament House of Lords & House of Commons

Parliament blocked kings’ trying to gain absolute rule The Tudor Monarchs(1485-1603) generally worked well with Parliament E.g. Henry VIII & Elizabeth I

The Stuarts Had absolutist tendencies (Strong belief in Divine Right) James I & son Charles I disagreed with Parliament over finance & foreign policy Puritans hated them!

English Civil War! Charles’s Cavaliers vs. Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell Charles I is overthrown by forces loyal to Parliament Beheaded in 1649

The Commonwealth England became a Republic called the Commonwealth At first Cromwell & Parliament share power 1653 Cromwell assumes Title of Lord Protector & rules as a dictator Cromwell brutally put down revolts in Ireland & Scotland (Genocide) video

Restoration to the Glorious Revolution When Cromwell died, Parliament restored Stuart Monarchy to throne Charles II & James II became unpopular—absolutists Parliament feared return of the Catholic Church (James II) Parliament overthrew James II & asked William & Mary to become king and queen (Glorious Revolution)

1688-William & Mary sign English Bill of Rights Guarantees Parliament’s power over the king and queen England became a Limited Monarchy

On your Whiteboard: Place these events in order: Glorious Revolution English Civil War Restoration England as a Commonwealth

Share your answers with your partner. Pair-Share: Share your answers with your partner.