Do You Remember? The Enlightenment The French Revolution The time period where Scholars began to use reason to question superstition, ignorance, intolerance, and tyranny is known as… The Enlightenment 2. The Time in France when Divine Right was questioned and a radical movement violently overthrew the Monarchy is known as… The French Revolution

How do these images reflect the power of Louis XIV?

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment grew out of the Scientific Revolution of the 1500s and 1600s, with its amazing discoveries by thinkers like Copernicus and Newton. Copernicus Heliocentric Theory Newton Laws of Gravity and Motion Scientific successes created great confidence in the power of reason. If people used reason to find laws that governed the physical world, why not use reason to discover natural laws that govern human nature?

Enlightenment Matching! Match the Enlightenment Thinker with their major idea Thomas Hobbes John Locke Baron de Montesquieu People are naturally good and have three natural rights, “life, Liberty, and Property.” Government is there to protect those rights. The people have a right to change their government if it fails to do so. The powers of government should be separated into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, to prevent any one group from gaining too much power. People are naturally evil, driven by selfishness and greed. To avoid a “Nasty, brutish and short life” people must give up their freedom to a strong and strict government that will ensure order.

Enlightenment Matching! Match the Enlightenment Thinker with their major idea Mary Wollstonecraft Jean-Jacques Rousseau Voltaire Writer and orator who targeted corrupt officials and criticized inequality, and superstition. Fought for freedom of speech by saying, “I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” Questioned the notion that women were by nature inferior to men and argued that women have been excluded from the social contract. Stated that a women’s first duty was to be a good mother, but that a woman should be able to have an education and equal rights of men. People are basically good but become corrupted by society. In an ideal society, people would make the laws and would obey them willingly. Government should act for the “Common good.”

Enlightenment Summary Which of the following were thoughts and goals of the Enlightenment? To Question “Divine Right” rule To limit the Power of the King How will the Enlightenment impact the world? To give strong rulers total control over their nation. To ensure the protection of an individual’s natural rights of “Life, Liberty, and Property.” To preserve old traditions, customs, and superstitions To protect free speech, religious freedom, and ensure social equality

The French Revolution (1789-1799)

Long Term Causes 1. King’s Abuse of Power: King Louis XVI 2. Inequality Among Social Classes: First, Second, and Third Estate 1. King’s Abuse of Power: King Louis XVI 4. Enlightenment Ideas: Freedom, rights, and limited power of the King 3. Unfair Tax System: Only Third Estate had to pay taxes 5. Struggle For Power: Nobles wanted to play larger role in government

Short Term Causes 1. King is bankrupt and is forced to summon ESTATES GENERAL, a body of government with all 3 classes represented. 2. However, due to unfair voting methods, the Third Estate, or BOURGEOISIE, left the Estates General and created their own National Assembly 3. Tennis Court Oath - The Third Estate stormed the King’s indoor tennis court. They demanded a constitution for France and swore not to leave until their demands were met.

What was the spark of the French Revolution? Tennis Court Oath What was the spark of the French Revolution?

The Spark of the Revolution! The Bourgeoisie storm and capture the Bastille, a Paris prison and a symbol of the OLD REGIME. This was considered a victory for the masses. It displayed the power of the Bourgeoisie and marked the start of the Revolution. BASTILLE DAY July 14, 1789