Spies Among Us? Cold War Spies and the Rise of Joseph McCarthy Write down all headings notes that are in BLACK

Today’s Objective SS.912.A.6.8: Analyze the effects of the Red Scare on domestic United States policy 1. Why did many Americans believe Senator McCarthy’s accusations?

What is Communism? Communism is a political and economic system in which the major productive resources in a society—such as mines, factories, and farms—are owned by the public or the state, and wealth is divided among citizens equally or according to individual need Goal: No public ownership of anything No socioeconomic classes: everyone has equal “stuff” and money

You ARE the Communist… 1. Everyone get a PARTNER… NOT 3 or 4, but 2 people working together 2. Each set of partners will receive a paper with possible communists: a picture and a short bio of each person. 3. You and your partner will need to decide WHO among them is the actual communist. You may only select ONE person You must write down your defense as to why that person is a communist, and defend your choice to your class. You will have 5 minutes to choose, and to write your defense

You ARE the Communist… Maybe? Why did you assume that any of these people were a communist? • Why did you even complete this activity? Why didn’t any of you challenge me and say that it wasn’t possible to know which of these people were communist based only on a little bit of information and their pictures? What made you choose the particular person you accused? In what real life scenarios do people actually do what you just did in that activity – make assumptions based on appearances, or without enough information?

How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?

Turn and talk: How should we balance Collective Security with Individual Rights (Civil Liberties)?

The Red Scare: Hysteria In the 1950s, communism was not an imagined enemy, it had concrete shape in the form of the Soviet Union and Joseph Stalin Many hindrances were encountered in America’s fight against communism The Korean deadlock The defeat of China The development of the Atomic bomb by the Soviets People were searching for somebody to blame and many were drawn to the suggestion of a communist conspiracy among the American nation

The Red Scare: Hysteria Continued State and local governments, the judiciary, schools and universities, labor unions – all sought to rid themselves of real or imagined subversives Not only was the fear of communism in the air, but also the fear of being suspected of ties with communists

Anti-Communist Efforts 1940 Smith Act focused on Communists Truman’s 1947 Executive Order 9835 (Federal Employee Loyalty Program House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings Hollywood Ten

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Who is this Guy? Joe McCarthy Republican senator from Wisconsin Felt he was unlikely to win reelection Decided to use fear of communism to boost his career Critics suggest McCarthy was desperate for a winning issue on which to run in 1952

McCarthyism Characterized by uncontrollable and unproven accusations, as well as public attacks on the character or patriotism of political opponents No one was able to bash McCarthy without the risk of being called a communist spy or sympathizer Even President Eisenhower remained silent

Creates Congressional Committee McCarthy heads a new government committee: Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Used to investigate people who were thought to be communist or had ties to communism People expected to testify against others Holds Congressional Hearings to determine guilt of those accused “Guilty” went to jail

McCarthy Hearings

“I have a list of 205… …I mean 81 …or, uh 57 known communists in the State Department”

Senator Welch Calls Out McCarthy

American Subversives Everywhere! Klaus Fuchs Alger Hiss Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

McCarthy’s Downfall 1954: McCarthy accuses US Army of harboring spies Army accuses McCarthy of trying to protect an assistant from the draft Hearing is televised McCarthy looks like a rude bully Loses public favor "Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?" - Joseph Welch, lead counsel for US Army

McCarthy’s Downfall Continued No longer was McCarthy invincible or an asset Senate votes 67-22 to condemn McCarty for contemptuous behavior McCarthy dies in 1957, a broke alcoholic, but his legacy survives… History looks at McCarthy as a drunk lunatic

Which factor is most closely associated with McCarthyism? A. buildup of Soviet missiles in Cuba B. fear of communist influence in the United States C. rise of the Communist Party in China D. creation of the Warsaw Pact by the Soviet Union

D. Renewed fighting between wartime enemies was a constant threat. What was one similarity between the Red Scare following World War I and the Cold War following World War II?   A. Fear of communism led to the suppression of the civil liberties of some Americans. B. Large numbers of Russian revolutionaries settled in the United States. C. Congressional investigations proved that the Federal Government was heavily infiltrated by Communist spies. D. Renewed fighting between wartime enemies was a constant threat. REMEMBER: During the 1920’s the Palmer Raids on headquarters of dissident and communist organizations were conducted without warrants or probable cause. Over 4,000 people were arrested and held without trial or access to counsel, newspapers were shut down and some legal foreigners were unlawfully deported. During the 1950’s the policy of “blacklisting” resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without just cause, based solely on hearsay and innuendo.

In what way does this political cartoon represent McCarthyism? A. The cartoon exemplifies how the media’s bias can influence a citizen’s view/beliefs B. False evidence is used as the smoking gun during the HUAC hearings C. Politicians can doctor any evidence against citizens because they have power D. Citizens supported McCarthy because they believed the evidence provided W A V E S

What is most likely the point of view of the author of this cartoon? a. American citizens were ignorant to the rights that McCarthy was taking away b. McCarthy took joy in searching out and finding communist conspirators to put on trial c. The HUAC was viewed as an unstoppable force against communism and was welcomed d. McCarthy and HUAC justified plowing through individual rights because Communism was a threat

Reflection Do you think McCarthy’s tactics are effective in today’s society? Explain your reasoning

Impact for Americans bomb shelters in suburbia Duck and cover drills in schools Demand for conformity (doing the same thing everyone else is doing) to prove loyalty Same clothes, same haircut, same lifestyle and goals, etc.

American Propaganda https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

What was the purpose of the “Duck and Cover” campaign? a. It was a technique that was used to help alleviate the fear among Americans of a nuclear bomb attack b. It was a technique used to get under the Berlin Wall in case of a nuclear explosion c. It was a training exercise taught to the troops how to avoid a conflict with the Soviets. d. Was a drill that was championed by the American people in order to survive a nuclear bomb attack