America Claims Empire What is the continental United States? Why did the United States expand westward after the American Revolution?

American Continent Expansion Treaty of Paris of 1783 Great Britain - after American Revolution Louisiana Purchase (1803) East of the Rocky Mountains to about the Mississippi Helped fund Napoleon Fear of French “sphere of influence” Area where a country has economic/military control in another land Annexation of Texas (1845) Most of Texas and some of Colorado, New Mexico, and Oklahoma Texas revolution Emigration of Mexico to Mexico-Texas Texas asked for slave emancipation

American Continent Expansion Oregon Country (1846) Obtained from France and Britain (fur traders) Established the 49th Parallel as the Northern border Mexican Cession (1848) Results from the Mexican War (United States and Mexico) Started with Texas annexation Alaska (State – 1959) Purchased from the Russian Empire – financial problems William Seward $0.02 - $0.03 an acre (secretary of State under Lincoln – “Sewards Icebox”) Hawaii (State – 1959) Strategic lifting point to Asia American Expansionism

Imperialism and America American Expansionism Manifest Destiny The movement of the US westward Pressured by imperialistic European countries Exerting political, economic, and military control over another country Examples: British (Africa, India, and eastern US) Reasons for American imperialism: Increase in military strength (political reason) Need for a strong navy (Alfred Mahan) Thirst for New markets (economic reason) Need for more raw materials Need for new markets to sell goods Overproduction (problems?) Couldn’t absorb all the products being created Cultural Superiority (cultural reason) Social Darwinism “Survival of the fittest”

Spanish-American War Why is there such an interest in Cuba? Strategic location and resources (others?) Spanish Empire Questions (put in quiz) Colonial powerhouse: (possessing colonies – purpose of…?) Philippines, Guam (Pacific), and Caribbean islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico Order of events exercise Cuban Independence First War for Independence Ended slavery on the island Second War for Independence Herding population into concentration camps Yellow journalism Writing style that exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers Results in growing American sympathy

Spanish-American War U.S.S. Maine War in the Philippines Purpose – “business” trip Protect American lives and business interests (sugar and mining) Exploded – blamed on Spanish mine – (article) McKinley asks Congress for the Declaration of War War in the Philippines Stop any resources that would help the Spanish War in the Caribbean Blockade of Cuba (why?) To stop any type of resource that may help the Spanish win American forces were ill-equipped Lack of modern guns, wool uniforms, inadequate supplies Results in volunteer soldiers Rough Riders – San Juan Hill (elevation the key to this war) Results of the Spanish-American War End of the Spanish Empire Free Cuba, turned over Guam, Puerto Rico, and sold the Philippines to the United States Video

Picture Analysis Link

Acquiring New Lands Puerto Rico Cuba Philippines (Section 2) Mixed feelings Independence vs. Statehood (chart - why?) Strategic location Gulf of Mexico and proximity to the Panama Canal Cuba Granted “independence” US issues the Platt Amendment Ultimate purpose was to maintain control in Cuba Could make no treaties US could intervene with Cuba Could not go in debt US to buy land for military/navy Philippines (Section 2) Gateway to the rest of Asia Philippine-American War (3 years – American victory) Placed rebels into “designated zones”

Acquiring New Lands China in 1900 (Questions) Panama Canal European “spheres of influence” Territorial area over which a country has political or economic influence Open Door Policy European imperial powers to share trading rights in China w/ US Results in the Boxer Rebellion (KWL) Chinese nationalists defending land against foreign powers Panama Canal

America as a World Power Panama Canal Canal to cut through Central America Originally proposed: Nicaragua or Panama Shorter time for trade and naval movements Policy toward Latin America “Speak softly, but carry a big stick…” – Teddy Roosevelt Afraid of LA countries coming under European control TR emphasized the Monroe Doctrine and added Roosevelt Corollary Monroe Doctrine - European countries are NOT to intervene L.A. affairs Roosevelt Corollary - U.S. to be international police in Western Hemisphere “If any nation in the Western Hemisphere appeared politically and financially so unstable as to be vulnerable to European control, the United States has the right and obligation to intervene.”