Review Cell History

5 Scientists Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann Rudolf Virchow

Cells come in all different shapes, sizes, and types Cells come in all different shapes, sizes, and types. But they all have the parts necessary for basic life functions.

Two Types of Cells Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

Prokaryotic Small and simple, no nucleus

Eukaryotic Larger, has nucleus and organelles

Cells are made of 3 main Parts: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus

Cell membrane protects the cell from damage. Controls what goes in and out of the cell Has small openings like doorways that let food in and wastes out

Cytoplasm jelly like substance that all the cell parts float around in

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm also gives the cell structure. Think of a balloon. An empty balloon does not have much structure. However, if we fill it with something, like water, it begins to take shape.

Cytoskeleton Invisible tubes and threads that organelles are attached to Acts like a track system that keeps organelles from crashing into each other

Nucleus control center for the cell, “the brain.” Controls the cell’s activities.

Nucleolus Small dense region in the nucleus where ribosomes are made

Nuclear Envelope Double membrane surrounding the nucleus, contains many pores

Organelles Little organs found within the cell

Cell Parts Mitochondria - makes energy for the cell from food.

Mitochondria Power plant

Cell Parts Ribosome - makes proteins used by the cell to build new cell parts. Proteins Can be attached or float around freely Like little protein factories

Cell Parts Endoplasmic Reticulum – folded membranes that transport materials to different parts of the cell extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane

Smooth – no ribosomes attached Rough – ribosomes are attached

Cell Parts Golgi Body- sorts proteins and other cell materials and packages it into membrane bound vesicles (bubbles)

Cell Parts Lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes that break down food, cell wastes, and worn out cell parts.

Cell Parts Vacuole - big storage tank in the cell for water or food. Plant cells have really big vacuoles

Vacuoles Animal cells have vacuoles but they are much smaller.

Cell Parts Chloroplast – makes energy for the cell from sunlight.

Cell Parts Cell Wall – thick covering for plant cells that gives the cell more support and shape. Animal cells don’t have cell walls because we have skeletons

Specialized Structures Cilia and flagella are often found on cells that provide movement

Endoplasmic Reticulum Comparing Cells Structure Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Animal Plant Cell Membrane Yes Yes Yes Cell Wall Yes No Yes Nucleus No Yes Yes Ribosomes Yes Yes Yes Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes Yes Golgi Body No Yes Yes Lysosomes No Yes Yes Vacuoles No Yes Yes Mitochondria No Yes Yes Chloroplasts No No Yes Cytoskeleton No Yes Yes