Tissues Ch 5

Distinguish among the four major types of tissue with respect to their structure, function, and location. Tissue Type Structure Function Location Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous

Distinguish among the four major types of tissue with respect to their structure, function, and location. Tissue Type Structure Function Location Epithelial Tightly packed Protective coverings; secretion; absorption Body surface; cover internal organs Connective Spread out Bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells Throughout the body Muscle Three types: skeletal, smooth, cardiac Movement Attached to bones; heart; walls of internal organs Nervous Mostly long and thin to transmit impulses Coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Journal 8/13: Connective, Epithelial, Muscular, or Nervous? Bone and blood are examples Used in movement Skin Most widespread type Heart Protection Binds, supports, fills spaces Transmits electric impulses Attached to bones Covers body surface and organs Coordination and integration Very tightly packed Brain, spinal cord

Epithelial Tissue Throughout the body Tightly packed. Covers organs, lines body cavities, and lines hollow organs. Typically do not have much blood supply.

Epithelial Tissue Anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane. Readily divide, so wounds heal quickly.

Different types of epithelium: Two Factors Cell Shape Squamous – flat Cuboidal – cube-shaped Columnar – long and thin Number of Layers Simple – one layer Stratified – more than one layer

Different types of epithelium: Simple Squamous – air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, blood vessel walls... Simple Cuboidal – covers ovaries, kidney tubules... Simple Columnar – uterus, digestive tract...

Different types of epithelium: Stratified Squamous – skin, oral cavity, anal canal... Stratified Cuboidal – mammary glands, sweat glands, pancreas... Stratified Columnar – male urethra, ductus deferens, pharynx...

Different types of epithelium: Pseudostratified Columnar – Looks stratified, but it’s actually one layer; found in respiratory system. Transitional epithelium – changes in response to the situation; bladder, ureters... Glandular epithelium – Used to secrete substances (usually columnar or cuboidal.)

Classification of Glands Type of Gland Secretes... Example Endocrine Into blood or other fluid Hormone secretion

Classification of Glands Type of Gland Secretes... Example Endocrine Into blood or other fluid Hormone secretion Exocrine Into ducts on open surfaces - Merocrine - Apocrine - Holocrine

Classification of Glands Type of Gland Secretes... Example Endocrine Into blood or other fluid Hormone secretion Exocrine Into ducts on open surfaces - Merocrine Through exocytosis Salivary, pancreatic, sweat - Apocrine - Holocrine

Classification of Glands Type of Gland Secretes... Example Endocrine Into blood or other fluid Hormone secretion Exocrine Into ducts on open surfaces - Merocrine Through exocytosis Salivary, pancreatic, sweat - Apocrine With small portions of the cell Mammary, ear canal - Holocrine

Classification of Glands Type of Gland Secretes... Example Endocrine Into blood or other fluid Hormone secretion Exocrine Into ducts on open surfaces - Merocrine Through exocytosis Salivary, pancreatic, sweat - Apocrine With small portions of the cell Mammary, ear canal - Holocrine with entire cells that disintegrate Sebaceous (skin)

Journal 8/14 Which tissue type is characterized by... Fills in spaces, binds, protects Composes glands Sends impulses for communication Most widely distributed Forms protective coverings Involved in movement Includes brain and spinal cord

Connective Tissue Bind structures, support, protect, serve as framework, store fat, fill spaces, make blood cells, protect against infections, and help repair tissue damage Further apart than epithelial cells

Connective Tissue They have an extracellular matrix between their cells. Most can divide. Most have good blood supply.

Connective Tissue Cells Cell Types Fibroblasts – produce fibers Macrophages – scavenger and defensive cells through phagocytosis Mast cells – prevents blood clotting and reacts to outsiders

Connective Tissue Fibers Collagenous fibers – collagen; long parallel bundles; flexible, but not elastic; dense; appear white Elastic fibers – spring-like elastin; weaker, but easily stretch and bouce back; appear yellow Reticular fibers – thin collagenous fibers; form delicate supporting network

Types of Connective Tissue Loose Connective Tissue Areolar – delicate, thin membranes; mostly fibroblasts; collagenous and elastic fibers Adipose – fat Reticular – thin collagenous 3-D network; framework for organs

Types of Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue – closely packed collagenous and elastic fibers; withstands pulling forces; poor blood supply and tissue repair

Types of Connective Tissue Cartilage – rigid; support, framework, attachment, etc; abundant extracellular matrix; divides infrequently and heals slowly Hyaline – fine collagenous fibers Elastic – dense elastic fibers Fibrocartilage – tough tissue; shock absorber

Types of Connective Tissue Bone – most rigid; bone cells = osteocytes Blood – transports materials; extracellular matrix = plasma; red, white, platelets

Types of Connective Tissue Loose Areolar Adipose Reticular Dense Cartilage Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage Bone Blood

Understanding membranes Epithelial membranes – thin, sheetlike structures covering body surfaces and lining body cavities Serous membranes – secrete watery fluid; line cavities that lack an outside opening (thorax and abdomen) Mucous membranes – goblet cells secrete mucus; digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive Cutaneous membranes – skin Synovial – lines joints

Mucle Tissue Able to contract Cells – muscle fibers – shorten and thicken to move body parts Three Types

Mucle Tissue Skeletal Attached to bones Voluntary Striations Many nuclei in one cell

Mucle Tissue Smooth No striations Walls of hollow organs – bladder, stomach, intestines, etc Involuntary One nucleus

Mucle Tissue Cardiac Only in the heart Striated Branched Intercalated discs Involuntary One nucleus

Nervous Tissue Found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves Neurons = basic cells; Neuroglia = supportive cells Coordinate, integrate, and regulate body functions

Nervous Tissue Don’t easily divide Neurons Don’t easily divide Sense changes and transmit electrical impulses Pic: red Neuroglia Divide easily Nourish and support neurons Pic: blue

Review Assignment Pg 114-115 Chapter Assessment Qs #2, 3, 6-19 Integrative Assessment/Critical Thinking #1-4