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Presentation transcript:

Written on the board to the left. Complete Bell Work Written on the board to the left.

Why do we continue to overuse antibiotics, knowing the risks? Superbugs Article Essential Question: Why do we continue to overuse antibiotics, knowing the risks?

Top Three Causes of Death Working with the people around you, brainstorm and discuss the top three causes of death from 100 years ago, today, and persons 14-24 years old.

1915 Influenza Pneumonia Tuberculosis How can we categorize the top three causes of death from 100 years ago?

How can we categorize the top three causes of death from today? Heart Disease Stroke Cancer How can we categorize the top three causes of death from today?

Accidents (Leading- Car) 14-24 Year Olds Accidents (Leading- Car) Suicide Homicide How can we categorize the top three causes of death affecting persons 14-24 years old?

Top 3 Causes of Death 1915 Today 14-24 Year Olds Influenza Pneumonia Tuberculosis Heart Disease Stroke Cancer Accidents (Leading- Car) Suicide Homicide Infectious/ Communicable Lifestyle; Chronic/ Noninfectious Preventable

What is an infectious disease? Communicable Disease Occurs as a result of infection caused by a germ/pathogen that was passed through the air or through contact with something, and then was transmitted to the mouth or other body opening. What are some ways we can prevent the passage of communicable diseases? Washing hands frequently, controlling a cough or sneeze by using a tissue, not using someone else’s toothbrush.

What are pathogens? Germ Microscopic organism that causes disease when it enters and reproduces in the body. Types of pathogens: Viruses Bacteria Rickettsias Fungi Protozoa Helminths

Pathogens Bacteria Cause disease by releasing toxins, or poisonous substances. Strep throat, TB, tetanus, Lyme disease Rickettsia Intracellular parasites that are classified as bacteria. Typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever Fungi Obtain food from organic materials, such as plant, animal, or human tissue. Athlete’s foot, ringworm, jock itch, nail infections, thrush Virus Viruses will take over a cell and use the cell’s nucleic acids to replicate. Mumps, cold, hepatitis, mononucleosis, chicken pox, and influenza Protozoa Tiny, single-celled organisms which produce toxins . Malaria, African sleeping sickness, and dysentery Helminth Parasitic worm Tapeworms, pinworms, hookworms

Examples of Communicable Diseases Measles Polio Mumps Chicken Pox Strep Throat Tetanus Ringworm Influenza (flu) Common Cold

The Body’s Defenses against Disease Barrier How? Skin Skin must break for invader to penetrate. Body Secretions Sweat and oil glands kill or repel invaders. How about earwax, tears, and nasal secretions? Mucous Traps and engulfs Membranes The power of cilia! Enzymes and Compounds in Blood Kills the invader- burst, cell membrane destruction, or slowing reproduction. Immune System Antigens/Antibodies; White Blood Cells Interferon and Natural Substances Protection against a virus invading.

The Immune System Immunity is the state of being protected against diseases or through the activities of the immune system. Antigen: anything that invades the body and causes our immune system to kick in. Antibodies: developed by the body to destroy or lessen the effects of the bad guy/antigen. Specific! When we are invaded by germs, the immune system swings into action to destroy the infectious agent. Antigen= foreign body

How does the Immune System do this? Several ways: Phagocytosis Humoral Immunity Cellular Immunity The immune system works in several ways to protect against diseases and infections.

Phagocytosis The ingestion and destruction of pathogens (germs) by several different types of white blood cells. Attracted to infection sites, where they engulf and digest microorganisms and debris. 1. Adherence 2. Ingestion 3. Digestion

Humoral Immunity Protection provided by antibodies derived from B cells.

Cellular Immunity T cells are activated and attack microbes or abnormal cells (ex. Viral or tumor cells).

Lymphocytes Type of white blood cell Two types: T cells and B cells T cells circulate through the lymphatic tissue and the bloodstream , neutralizing antigens (bad guys!) T helpers increase response of other lymphocytes (Calling for backup). T suppressor cells release the response of other lymphocytes. When the antigen invades the body and the body recognizes the foreign invader, B cells produce the antibodies which destroy the antigens.

Immunity Natural Immunity- the body develops immunity from the disease through having the disease. Artificial Immunity- acquired through vaccination when killed or weakened organisms or toxins are injected into the body to stimulate antibody formation.

What is Non-Communicable? Group of diseases or disorders which is typically inherited from parents. You cannot “catch” these diseases from another individual.

Genetics? Some I’m stuck!? You may have a genetic predisposition towards the disease; however, making wise and healthy choices, the disease can be controlled/managed. Examples of Non-Communicable Diseases that stem from heredity: Diabetes Asthma Allergies Cardiovascular Disease Cancer

Homework Assignment Disease Mapping Complete the “Disease Mapping” graphic organizer to better understand an infectious disease of your choice. First, begin with the infectious disease. Write the disease in the “disease” box. From there, research what type of pathogen causes the disease, how the disease is treated, and common symptoms of the disease. Let’s try one together. Resource: Kid’s Health website