Goal 3 part 1 Manifest Destiny

Northern Society Rich, middle class, and poor Very distinct class differences

Factories Working conditions were terrible and unsafe Pay was very low Child labor was common Most lived in extreme poverty Early labor unions were unsuccessful 25% of workers were women

Immigration 1820-1860- five million came to America 90% settled in industrial cities

Immigration Con’t Largest group- Irish Came to escape poverty, hunger, and mistreatment by British Took dangerous and low-paying jobs Lived in horrible conditions Faced heavy discrimination

Immigration Con’t Second largest group- Germans Came for political, religious, and economic reasons Most were Protestant Had better job skills Lived in close-knit neighborhoods

Nativism An intense dislike of foreigners Founded secret organizations Wanted to limit political power of immigrants Saw them as threats to better paying jobs Formed clubs, published newspapers, and formed political parties Know-Nothings (American Party) Formed to oppose immigration

Southern Society Few cities or large towns Cotton was major crop (King Cotton) Sold overseas and to New England textile mills Very few immigrants Very few internal improvements Almost no public schools 1 in 4 owned slaves 20% over 20 1% owned over 100

Southern Society Con’t Richest Lived on plantations Actually had little cash Worked harder than depicted Planters More modest Small homes Comfortable but not luxurious

Southern Society Con’t Small Farmers 2 room log cabins Few or no slaves Worked very hard and were poor Poor whites Hunted, fished, raised pigs to survive Very poor One social step above slaves

African Americans Most were slaves 75% worked on farms from sunup to sundown Supervised by overseers or slave drivers Were very valuable property Received adequate food, clothing, and shelter Lived in slave quarters Often small and cramped Usually got two outfits and one pair of shoes a year

African Americans Con’t Slave codes were used to control slaves Worst treatment was splitting up of families Lived on diet of cornmeal, saltpork, greens, wild animals

Slave Resistance Harriet Tubman Slave rebellions Underground railroad Slave rebellions Small & usually very unsuccessful Nat Turner Work slow down Destruction of tools Playing dumb

Slave Culture Valued family Life centered around the slave quarters Religion was combination of Christian and African God’s chosen people Spirituals Used folktales to pass on history and culture